Egypt Dentistry Licensure Exam flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Ludwig angina

A rapidly spreading bilateral cellulitis of the submandibular, sublingual, and submental spaces, usually odontogenic in origin, that threatens the airway and requires urgent airway management and surgical drainage.

Le Fort I fracture

A horizontal fracture separating the maxilla from the upper face at the level of the piriform rim and pterygomaxillary fissure, producing a mobile maxilla with a class III relationship on manipulation.

Alveolar osteitis

Dry socket occurring two to four days after extraction, characterized by severe throbbing pain, an empty socket with exposed bone, and absence of pus; treated by irrigation and medicated dressing.

Working length

The distance from a coronal reference point to the apical constriction, typically set 0.5 to 1.0 mm short of the radiographic apex, guiding instrumentation and obturation.

Sodium hypochlorite

The primary endodontic irrigant that dissolves organic tissue and kills most microorganisms; it does not remove the inorganic smear layer, which requires EDTA.

MB2 canal

A second mesiobuccal canal present in more than half of maxillary first molars, located palatal to the main mesiobuccal canal and a common cause of endodontic failure when missed.

Hybrid layer

The zone formed by resin infiltration into demineralized dentin, creating a micromechanical bond; its quality determines the seal of adhesive restorations.

Ante's law

A prosthodontic principle stating that the total root surface area of the abutment teeth must equal or exceed the root surface area of the teeth being replaced by the pontic.

Kennedy Class I

A partially edentulous arch with bilateral edentulous areas located posterior to the remaining natural teeth, also known as a bilateral distal extension.

Freeway space

The difference between the rest position of the mandible and the occlusal vertical dimension, normally two to four millimeters, used to verify the restored vertical dimension.

Clinical attachment loss

The sum of probing depth and gingival recession measured from the cementoenamel junction to the base of the sulcus; it reflects cumulative periodontal destruction.

Bleeding on probing

A clinical sign of gingival inflammation elicited by gentle probing; it is sensitive for inflammation but nonspecific for progressive attachment loss.

Furcation Grade II

Partial involvement of a multirooted tooth furcation in which a probe enters but does not pass through to the opposite side; Grade III is through-and-through.

Angle Class II

A malocclusion in which the mandibular first molar is positioned distal to the maxillary first molar, often associated with a retrusive mandible or protrusive maxilla.

Nursing bottle caries

Early childhood caries pattern affecting maxillary primary incisors and first molars while sparing mandibular incisors, associated with prolonged bottle feeding or sweetened liquids.

Pulpotomy

Removal of the coronal pulp while preserving the vital radicular pulp, indicated for primary or young permanent teeth with reversible coronal pulp inflammation.

Erythroplakia

A red velvety mucosal patch that cannot be attributed to another disease; it has the highest malignant transformation rate of oral mucosal lesions and requires biopsy.

Ameloblastoma

A benign but locally aggressive odontogenic tumor of enamel organ origin, typically appearing as a multilocular soap-bubble radiolucency in the posterior mandible.

Wickham striae

Fine white reticular lines on the oral mucosa characteristic of oral lichen planus, most commonly seen on the buccal mucosa bilaterally.

Ghost image

A blurred, magnified duplicate of an object outside the focal trough on a panoramic radiograph, appearing on the opposite side and higher than the real object.

Infective endocarditis prophylaxis

Antibiotic premedication before invasive dental procedures for patients with high-risk cardiac conditions such as prosthetic valves or previous endocarditis, per current guidelines.

Epinephrine maximum dose

For healthy adults, the limit is about 0.2 mg per appointment, roughly eleven cartridges of 1:100,000 epinephrine in 1.8 mL; lower limits apply in cardiac disease.

Syncope in dental office

The most common medical emergency, caused by transient cerebral hypoperfusion; management includes placing the patient supine, ensuring airway patency, and monitoring vital signs.

Warfarin and extraction

Routine extractions can proceed without stopping warfarin when the INR is within the therapeutic range of 2 to 3, using local hemostatic measures for control.

Enamel composition

Enamel is about 96 percent mineral by weight, mainly hydroxyapatite; ameloblasts are lost after eruption, so enamel cannot regenerate after damage.

Dentinal tubules

Microscopic channels running through dentin from the pulp to the dentinoenamel junction, containing odontoblast processes and transmitting stimuli that cause dentin sensitivity.

Local anesthetic mechanism

Local anesthetics block voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes, preventing depolarization; inflamed tissue with low pH reduces the proportion of active uncharged drug.

Streptococcus mutans

A cariogenic bacterium that colonizes tooth surfaces, produces acid from fermentable carbohydrates, and synthesizes glucans that promote dental plaque formation.

Autoclave cycle

Standard steam sterilization at 121 degrees Celsius and 15 psi for 15 to 20 minutes, or 134 degrees Celsius for 3 to 4 minutes, monitored with biological indicators.

Informed consent elements

Valid consent requires patient capacity, disclosure of risks and alternatives, comprehension, voluntariness, and documentation; minors require consent from a parent or guardian.

Needlestick injury protocol

Wash the wound with soap and water, report immediately, and evaluate for HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C post-exposure prophylaxis according to institutional protocol.

Dental unit waterlines

Tubing that delivers water to handpieces and syringes; it supports biofilm growth, so lines are flushed between patients and monitored to keep bacterial counts within accepted limits.