Universal - All Equipment Types
The universal idea
The Universal exam is the core section plus Type I, II, and III sections, and you must reach 70% on each. In practice, the Universal credential means you classify the appliance first, then apply that type rules. The most common way candidates lose points is applying small-appliance numbers to a 200-pound system.
The classification decision
Ask three questions: what is the factory charge, is it hermetically sealed, and does it run below atmospheric pressure?
- Five pounds or less and hermetic: Type I. Recover 90% with the compressor running, 80% with it off.
- Positive pressure, any size, not hermetic and not MVAC: Type II. Evacuate to 0 psig (post-1993, under 200 lb), 10 in Hg vacuum (200 lb and up, post-1993), or 15 in Hg vacuum (pre-1993).
- Vacuum-side chiller using R-11 or R-123: Type III. Evacuate to 25 mm Hg absolute.
Rules that apply everywhere
Venting refrigerant is prohibited. Recover into DOT-approved cylinders filled to no more than 80% by weight, using a scale. Never mix refrigerants. Never pressure-test with oxygen or shop air. Appliances holding 50 lb or more must have leaks repaired and verified, with records kept. Recover refrigerant before any appliance is scrapped.
Traps
- Section 608 certification does not expire; it is not renewed annually and there is no recertification exam.
- A Type II technician cannot legally service a small appliance, and Section 608 never authorizes MVAC work - that is Section 609.
- Purchasing refrigerant requires certification, and small cans are restricted.
- Refrigerant must be removed before the appliance leaves the site for disposal.