Cantabria PAU German II flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Zitieren Sie (task instruction)

Instruction in a reading task meaning you must copy the exact words from the text, placed in quotation marks, rather than paraphrase. A correct answer without verbatim evidence normally loses the mark.

Konzessive Konnektoren

Connectors such as obwohl, trotzdem, dennoch and zwar … aber that express contrast with an expectation. In reading items they often mark the sentence that contradicts the tempting distractor option.

Komposita-Kopf erkennen

In a German compound the last element is the head: it determines gender and basic meaning, while the first element modifies it. Umweltschutz is der Schutz plus Umwelt, so the compound is masculine.

Inferenzfrage im Lesetext

A question asking what can be concluded from the text. The correct option combines two explicit statements; an option that only repeats one sentence word for word is usually the distractor.

Autorhaltung erkennen

Use evaluative markers such as leider, glücklicherweise, angeblich or kritisch to identify whether the author is positive, negative or neutral. PAU items frequently ask for this stance explicitly.

Informeller Brief: Anrede

Informal letters use du or ihr with first names: Hallo Anna, Liebe Anna, Lieber Tom. Formal letters use Sie with titles and Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren. Mixing both registers is penalised.

Meinungsäußerung: Strukturformel

A reliable opinion paragraph opens with Meiner Meinung nach plus a thesis, adds Einerseits … andererseits or Zum einen … zum anderen, and closes with a concrete example introduced by Zum Beispiel.

Verbzweitstellung

In a German main clause the finite verb stands in position two. If an adverbial starts the sentence, the subject moves behind the verb: Im Sommer fahre ich nach Berlin, not Im Sommer ich fahre.

Nebensatz: Verbstellung

In subordinate clauses introduced by weil, dass, obwohl, wenn or relative pronouns, the finite verb moves to the final position: …, weil ich keine Zeit habe. The main clause then starts with the verb.

Kohäsionsmittel im Aufsatz

Connectors that link sentences and raise the coherence score: deshalb, außerdem, trotzdem, allerdings, dadurch, schließlich, einerseits/andererseits. Varying them is better than repeating und or aber.

Aufgabenabdeckung prüfen

Before finishing a writing task, check that every bullet of the prompt has been answered explicitly. An unanswered prompt point costs more marks than an isolated grammar error.

Wechselpräpositionen: Regel

An, auf, in, über, unter, vor, hinter, neben, zwischen take the accusative for direction with change of place (in die Schule) and the dative for position (in der Schule).

Präpositionen mit Dativ

The fixed dative prepositions are aus, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu and gegenüber. They never take the accusative, even when the phrase looks like a direction: mit dem Bus, zu der Schule.

Perfekt mit sein

The auxiliary sein is used with verbs of motion or change of state (gehen, fahren, aufstehen, sterben) and with sein, bleiben and werden. All other verbs normally take haben.

Passiv mit werden

The process passive is formed with werden plus Partizip II. The agent is introduced by von for persons and by durch for means or causes: Das Buch wurde von Kafka geschrieben.

Konjunktiv II: Bildung

Forms express unreal conditions and politeness: hätte, wäre, würde plus infinitive, könnte, müsste. Real conditions use the present in both clauses; unreal ones use Konjunktiv II in both.

Relativpronomen: Kasus

The relative pronoun takes gender and number from the antecedent but its case from its function inside the relative clause. A preposition in the clause fixes that case: die Frau, mit der ich sprach.

Adjektivendung ohne Artikel

With no article, the ending carries the case signal: dative masculine is -em (mit gutem Wein), accusative feminine is -e (gute Musik), nominative plural is -e (gute Bücher).

Trennbare Verben

Separable prefixes such as auf-, an-, aus-, mit- split off in main clauses (ich stehe um sieben auf) but stay attached in the infinitive and in subclauses (weil ich früh aufstehen muss).

Zahlen im Hörtext

German numbers are read in reverse order: siebenundzwanzig is 27, einundzwanzig Uhr dreißig is 21:30, and prices like neunzehn neunzig mean 19.90. Write digits immediately.

Selbstkorrektur im Hörtext

Speakers often state a wrong detail first and correct it with aber, eigentlich, doch nicht or a repetition. The second mention is generally the valid answer; the first is the distractor.

Negation als Antwortsignal

In listening items, nicht, kein, kaum, eher nicht and ich bezweifle, dass flip the meaning. A positive keyword inside a negated sentence is a trap answer, not confirmation.

Zeitangaben einordnen

Relative time words need an anchor: übermorgen, vorgestern, nächste Woche, Ende des Monats. Note the reference day or date stated in the recording before converting them into a calendar date.

Telefonat: Signalformeln

Typical announcement formulas structure a listening task: Hier spricht …, Ich rufe an wegen …, Könnten Sie mir sagen, … and Vielen Dank für Ihren Anruf mark the request and its outcome.

tener spanisch-deutsch

Spanish tener plus noun rarely maps to a literal German construction. Tener hambre is Hunger haben; obligation with hay que becomes man muss; avoid the calque es hat.

Spanisches se impersonal

Spanish impersonal se has no single German equivalent. Depending on meaning it becomes man plus verb, a werden-passive, or a reflexive verb, so the translator must choose by context.

Falsche Freunde prüfen

Before writing a translation, check frequent false friends: bekommen means receive, Gift means poison, eventuell means possibly, and Fabrik means factory, not fabric.

Sprachmittlung: Kerninformation

Mediation relays content for a third person. Keep who, what, when, where and how much; drop decorative detail; never add facts that are absent from the source text.

Modalpartikeln übersetzen

Particles such as doch, mal, ja, eben and halt carry tone, not content. Translate their function, whether emphasis, softening or shared knowledge, instead of a literal word.

Drei Standardvarietäten

German has three official standard varieties: Bundesdeutsch in Germany, österreichisches Deutsch in Austria and Schweizer Hochdeutsch in Switzerland. Austrian vocabulary differs, for example Erdapfel and Matura.

Länder mit Artikel

Most country names take no article and use nach for direction. Exceptions include die Schweiz, die Türkei, der Iran and the plural die USA, which need in die or aus der.

Politisches System Deutschlands

Germany is a federal republic: the Bundestag is elected in Berlin, the Bundesrat represents the Länder, the Bundeskanzler heads the government and the Bundespräsident is head of state with mainly representative powers.