PAU Spanish Language and Literature II (Castilla-La Mancha) study materials
PAU Spanish Language and Literature II (Castilla-La Mancha) study resources

PAU Spanish Language and Literature II (Castilla-La Mancha): Text commentary I: comprehension, summary, theme and structure

PAU Spanish Language and Literature II (Castilla-La Mancha) · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.

All guide sections

Text commentary I: comprehension, summary, theme and structure

In the Castilla-La Mancha PAU paper the first block of the commentary asks you to read a text - usually an expository-argumentative article from the press, occasionally a literary fragment - and to answer on type of text, theme, summary and structure. These marks reward precision, not interpretation, so they should be the most secure in the exam.

Theme and summary are different operations

  • Tema: 10–15 words, no conjugated verb, no subordinate clause. Abstract noun plus complement: «La defensa de la lectura pausada frente al consumo rápido de información». It states the thesis, never the anecdote or the setting.
  • Resumen: 80–120 words, third person, no opinion, no literal copying, following the order of the text, keeping every main idea and dropping examples, dates, statistics and quotations. Begin with content («El autor sostiene que...»), not with «El texto trata de...».

Type of text

  • Modality: exposition, argumentation, description, narration, dialogue; exam texts usually combine two.
  • Ámbito: periodístico (artículo de opinión, columna, editorial, reportaje), humanístico (ensayo), literario.
  • In argumentative texts locate the tesis (explicit or implicit) and the argument types: authority, example, data, cause-consequence, analogy, personal experience; note the concesión («Es cierto que... sin embargo»).

Structure

Name the parts with line references and give each one a sentence plus its function. In argumentative texts the usual pattern is tesis → argumentación → conclusión; check whether the tesis opens (deductiva), closes (inductiva) or frames the text (circular). In narrative texts look for planteamiento, nudo, desenlace.

Worked example

Text: «Leemos más que nunca y comprendemos menos que nunca. Las pantallas nos han dado millones de textos y nos han quitado la paciencia para leerlos. No se trata de demonizar la tecnología, sino de recuperar la lentitud. Una sociedad que no lee despacio no piensa despacio.»

  • Wrong tema: «El texto habla de que la gente lee mucho en las pantallas» (anecdote plus verb).
  • Right tema: «La necesidad de recuperar la lectura lenta frente al consumo digital acelerado».
  • Right summary opening: «El autor advierte de que el exceso de textos digitales no garantiza la comprensión y reivindica la lectura pausada como condición del pensamiento crítico; para ello rechaza culpar a la tecnología en sí.» Continue with the argument and the conclusion, without quoting «no piensa despacio».

Traps

Writing the theme as a full sentence; slipping opinion or evaluation into the summary; copying a whole clause verbatim; ignoring line numbers in the structure; summarising only the first paragraph; confusing the tesis with the topic.