Madrid PAU German (Alemán II) study materials
Madrid PAU German (Alemán II) study resources

Madrid PAU German (Alemán II) (Spain Madrid PAU) flashcards

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33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Textsignal: jedoch
Conjunction meaning 'however'. It introduces a contrast to the previous statement and often signals the answer to a comprehension question about the author's real opinion.
Inferenzfrage
A comprehension item asking what is implied rather than directly stated. The correct option must be supported by the text without adding facts the passage never mentions.
Pronomenreferenz 'dabei'
A pronominal adverb referring back to an action or situation just mentioned. To resolve it, reread the preceding clause and check which activity or circumstance fits grammatically and logically.
Richtig/Falsch-Strategie
For each statement, locate the matching passage line. If the statement adds a negation, a quantity, or a cause absent from the text, mark it false.
Synonymaufgabe
A task requiring you to match a word from the text with a paraphrase in the question. Meaning matters, not similarity of form, so check the context.
Überschrift zuordnen
Matching a headline to a paragraph. The correct headline captures the paragraph's main idea, not a single detail or an example mentioned inside it.
Akkusativpräpositionen
The prepositions durch, für, gegen, ohne, um and bis always take the accusative: für den Freund, ohne mich, gegen den Plan, um das Haus.
Dativpräpositionen
The prepositions aus, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu and gegenüber always take the dative: mit dem Bus, nach der Schule, bei meinen Eltern.
Wechselpräpositionen
An, auf, in, über, unter, vor, hinter, neben, zwischen take the accusative for direction (Wohin?) and the dative for position (Wo?): in die Stadt vs. in der Stadt.
Verbzweitstellung
In a German main clause the conjugated verb occupies the second position. If a time or place phrase comes first, the subject moves after the verb: Heute gehe ich ins Kino.
Nebensatz: Verb am Ende
After subordinating conjunctions (weil, dass, wenn, obwohl, damit, als) the conjugated verb goes to the end: Ich bleibe zu Hause, weil ich krank bin.
Perfekt mit sein
Verbs of motion or state change (gehen, fahren, kommen, aufstehen, werden) and sein, bleiben, passieren form the perfect with sein: Ich bin nach Berlin gefahren.
Trennbare Verben
Verbs with prefixes auf-, an-, mit-, aus-, ein- stress the prefix and split in main clauses: Ich rufe dich um acht Uhr an. In subordinate clauses the prefix stays attached.
Modalverben Präsens
Modal verbs change their stem vowel in the singular (ich kann, du kannst, er kann) and take no ending in first and third person singular. The infinitive goes last.
Konjunktiv II der Höflichkeit
Forms hätte, wäre, könnte, würde express polite requests and hypothetical situations: Könnten Sie mir bitte helfen? Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich kommen.
Adjektivdeklination nach 'ein'
After ein/eine/ein the endings are mixed: nominative masculine and neuter take no ending (ein guter Wein, ein gutes Buch), while accusative masculine takes -en (einen guten Wein).
Genitivpräpositionen
Wegen, trotz, während and statt require the genitive: wegen des Regens, trotz der Probleme, während des Unterrichts. Colloquially the dative sometimes appears.
Formeller Briefanfang
Formal letters open with 'Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,' or 'Sehr geehrte Frau Müller,' and close with 'Mit freundlichen Grüßen' followed by the signature.
Informelle Anrede
Friends and peers are addressed with du and the first name: 'Liebe Anna,' or 'Hallo Tim,'. The closing is 'Viele Grüße' or 'Bis bald'.
Meinung äußern
Standard phrases for opinion texts: 'Ich bin der Meinung, dass …', 'Meiner Ansicht nach …', 'Ich halte es für sinnvoll, dass …'. These introduce the thesis clearly.
Argumentationsstruktur
An opinion text moves from thesis to two supporting arguments with examples, then a counterargument, and ends with a conclusion introduced by 'Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass …'.
Konnektoren der Folge
Deshalb, daher, darum and folglich express consequence and require verb-second position: Ich war krank, deshalb bin ich zu Hause geblieben.
Konnektoren des Gegensatzes
Aber, jedoch, trotzdem, dennoch, einerseits … andererseits and im Gegensatz dazu mark contrast. Trotzdem and dennoch occupy position one and trigger inversion.
Erzählzeit Präteritum
Narratives use the simple past for the main storyline: war, hatte, ging, sagte. The perfect tense appears mainly in direct speech and dialogue.
Wortzahl kontrollieren
The task specifies a range, typically 120–150 words. Plan paragraphs before writing and count words at the end; staying within the range avoids penalties.
Hauptstädte der DACH-Länder
Germany's capital is Berlin, Austria's is Vienna (Wien), and Switzerland's is Bern. Bern is the federal city (Bundesstadt), not officially called a capital.
Schwyzerdütsch
The Alemannic dialects spoken in German-speaking Switzerland. They dominate everyday speech, while Standard German is used in writing, school, and formal media.
Österreichisches Deutsch
Austrian standard German differs in vocabulary and greetings: Erdapfel (potato), Topfen (quark), Jause (snack), and the greeting 'Grüß Gott'.
Siezen und Duzen
Adults address strangers and officials with Sie plus surname and title. Du with the first name is used among students, friends, and often colleagues after mutual agreement.
Das deutsche Schulsystem
After four years of Grundschule, pupils are tracked into Gymnasium, Realschule, or Hauptschule. The Abitur from the Gymnasium grants university access.
Tag der Deutschen Einheit
Celebrated on 3 October, it commemorates German reunification in 1990 and is the only national public holiday set by federal law.
Pfand und Mülltrennung
A deposit (Pfand) is charged on many bottles and cans and refunded on return. Households separate waste into paper, packaging, glass, and organic or residual bins.
Duales Ausbildungssystem
A German vocational model combining company training with part-time vocational school (Berufsschule). It prepares apprentices for skilled trades and is a frequent cultural topic.