Valencian Community PAU History of Spain study plan

Build a dated timeline of the Second Republic (1931–1936) that places the main reforms (agrarian, military, religious, regional, labour) and their opponents on a single axis, so you can explain cause and reaction without notes.

Write short causal chains (three to five steps) linking each reform to the political and social conflict it generated, distinguishing economic, ideological and institutional causes.

Summarise the Civil War in phases (1936 columns and revolution, 1937 northern campaign and political unification, 1938 Aragon and Ebro, 1939 Catalonia and final collapse), naming the international dimension (non-intervention, Soviet and Italian-German aid).

List the defining features of early Francoism (autarky, single party, repression, national-Catholicism, institutional laws) and match each to a concrete economic or social consequence.

Draft a one-page glossary of Francoist institutional vocabulary (Fuero del Trabajo, Ley de Sucesión, Cortes orgánicas, tecnócratas) with a one-line definition each.

Explain the shift from autarky to desarrollismo: identify the Stabilisation Plan (1959), the role of foreign investment, tourism, emigration and industrial poles, and the social changes they produced.

Compare the political and social opposition of the 1960s and 1970s (student movement, workers' commissions, regional and national oppositions, Church dissent, ETA and other violence) and rank them by impact on the regime.

Describe the late-Francoist institutional crisis (Matesa, state of exception, Carrero Blanco's assassination, Arias Navarro's apertura) and explain why reform from within failed.

Practise interpreting a demographic or economic graph from the desarrollismo period: state the trend, quantify it, and link it to policy.

Write one full exam-style essay outline (introduction, three body blocks, conclusion) on Francoism as a whole, with dates and specific evidence in each block.

Sequence the crisis of the Old Regime and the War of Independence: the 1808 crisis, the Bayonne abdications, the war's phases, guerrilla warfare and the 1812 Constitution.

Explain the Cortes of Cádiz: sovereignty, representation, the 1812 text's key articles, and its limits regarding the colonies and the Church.

Distinguish the political projects of Ferdinand VII's reign (absolutism, Trienio Liberal, Ominous Decade) and the causes of the loss of the American mainland.

Compare the reigns of Isabella II and the Democratic Sexennium: Carlism, the liberal factions, the 1869 Constitution, the 1873 Republic and its collapse.

Map the Restoration system (1876 Constitution, turno, caciquismo, 1878 protectionism) and explain how it excluded new social forces.

Trace the Restoration's political system through its crises: 1898, regenerationism, the 1909 Tragic Week, the 1917 crisis and the collapse of the turno.

Explain Valencian and Catalan regionalism: the ideological bases, key figures and organisations, and the specific demands of Valencian regionalism in the early twentieth century.

Summarise the labour movement's development (anarchism, socialism, CNT and UGT) and connect it to the Moroccan wars and the 1909 mobilisation.

Explain Primo de Rivera's dictatorship: the 1923 coup, its institutions, economic policy, opposition and 1930 fall, and its legacy for the Republic.

Interpret a period political cartoon or election map from 1900–1931, stating what it shows and what it omits.

Build a chronological skeleton of medieval Iberia from the Visigothic kingdom to 1492, marking the main conquests, dynastic unions and frontier shifts on a blank map.

Describe Al-Andalus in phases (emirate, caliphate, taifas, Almoravid and Almohad periods, Nasrid Granada) and identify its economic, social and cultural features.

Explain the Crown of Aragon's expansion and the birth of the Kingdom of Valencia: conquest by James I, the Furs, the Generalitat and the economic role of the Valencian kingdom.

Compare the political institutions of the Crown of Aragon (Corts, Generalitat, municipal government) with those of Castile.

Identify the main artistic and cultural exchange points between Christian, Muslim and Jewish communities with concrete examples.

Explain the Catholic Monarchs' programme: dynastic union, territorial integration, religious policy, and the institutional and legal instruments used.

Outline the Habsburg empire under Charles I and Philip II: the imperial project, the Castilian base, the revolts of the comunidades and germanías, and the cost of war.

Describe the Spanish Golden Age in literature, art and thought, linking cultural production to the political and economic context.

Explain the seventeenth-century crisis: population, plague, fiscal pressure, Catalan and Portuguese revolts, and the decline of the Habsburg monarchy.

Summarise the Bourbon reforms (Nueva Planta, centralisation, intendentes, economic reform) and their effect on Valencia, including the abolition of the Furs.

Explain the transition to democracy: the 1975–1978 sequence, the role of the Crown, Suárez, the opposition and the Moncloa Pacts, and the 1978 Constitution's core principles.

Describe the State of Autonomies: the 1978 title VIII framework, the 1979 and 1981 statutes, and the specific content and reform history of the Valencian Statute of Autonomy.

Trace Spain's European integration from the 1986 accession to the present, naming key treaty and policy milestones.

Review Prehistory and Antiquity in one pass: Palaeolithic and Neolithic phases, Iberians, Celts, Phoenician, Greek and Carthaginian colonisation, and Roman Hispania's administration and legacy.

Link ancient and medieval Valencian sites and evidence (Iberian settlements, Roman roads, later urban continuity) to the exam's source-commentary questions.

Practise the historical method: distinguish primary and secondary sources, identify authorship and intent, and separate fact from interpretation in a text.

Write full timed commentaries on one text, one map, one graph and one image, each with context, analysis and conclusion.

Revise the heaviest domains (6, 7, 4) using spaced retrieval: self-test on dates, terms and causal chains without notes.

Complete at least two full mock exam papers under time conditions and mark them against the official criteria structure (content, structure, expression).

Review your error log and close the three weakest points before the exam.