HKCP Intermediate - independent subject foundations cheat sheet

Interpret cardiac injury through serial values and evidence of ischemia.

Distinguish congestion, poor effective perfusion and an actual need for additional fluid.

Renal syndromes guide the differential but do not replace etiological assessment.

Emergency renal support is driven by the actual refractory complications and context.

A normal or rising carbon dioxide during a severe asthma attack can be concerning in context.

Oxygenation, ventilation, airway protection and hemodynamics are separate assessments.

Sepsis is infection associated with organ dysfunction rather than fever alone.

Interpret ventilation and circulation measurements together with the actual trajectory.

Separate a diagnostic syndrome from severity and treatment indication.

Interpret inflammatory bowel findings with the actual distribution and competing causes.

Use compatible paired albumin measurements in a serum-ascites gradient.

Negative Gram stain does not exclude clinically important ascitic infection.

Pancreatitis fluids require reassessment rather than automatic aggressive loading.

Distinguish a biochemical hormonal pattern from its underlying cause.

Screening, confirmation, localization and treatment are different steps.

Electrolytes and physiological severity matter before an insulin pathway.

Microbiological results require host, source and clinical-context interpretation.

Local resistance and protocol details cannot be inferred from a foreign bank.

Localize with onset, distribution, consciousness and associated features.

A fluctuating attention disorder needs evaluation of reversible causes.

An antibody result does not replace a compatible clinical autoimmune assessment.

Hot swollen joints require consideration of infection even when crystals are present.

Pregnancy, infection and organ function affect immunosuppressant choices.