HKCP Intermediate - independent subject foundations flashcards
HKCP Intermediate - independent subject foundations · Build recall with a focused review session.
20 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Myocardial injury
- Cardiac troponin evidence of myocardial cell injury that requires separate assessment of acuity and an ischemic or nonischemic mechanism.
- Cardiorenal interaction
- The relationship between cardiac function, venous congestion, effective renal perfusion, filtration and treatment responses rather than a single obligatory mechanism.
- Nephritic pattern
- A renal presentation involving features such as hematuria, active sediment, hypertension and impaired filtration that requires etiological assessment.
- Nephrotic pattern
- A syndrome of substantial urinary protein loss with hypoalbuminemia and associated findings, distinct from a complete histological diagnosis.
- Anion gap
- A calculated difference among measured serum ions that supports acid-base interpretation using the stated convention and clinical context.
- Airway resistance
- The pressure difference required to produce flow through the relevant airways, distinguished from elastic compliance under appropriate measurement conditions.
- Plateau pressure
- Pressure assessed under suitable no-flow inspiratory conditions, helping separate elastic loading from resistance-related components of peak airway pressure.
- Ventilation-perfusion mismatch
- Uneven matching of regional ventilation and blood flow that can impair gas exchange through mechanisms distinct from a pure shunt.
- Organ dysfunction
- A clinically meaningful impairment of organ function interpreted using the actual disease, baseline, trajectory and applicable assessment framework.
- Portal hypertension
- Abnormally elevated pressure within the portal circulation that can produce ascites, collateral veins and related complications through several causes.
- Albumin gradient
- The difference between paired serum and ascitic albumin concentrations in compatible units, used to assess an ascites mechanism.
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Brain dysfunction associated with liver disease or portosystemic shunting that requires assessment of precipitating factors and competing causes.
- Cholestatic pattern
- A liver-test pattern suggesting impaired bile formation or flow that requires anatomical, serological and other cause-specific assessment.
- Hormonal feedback
- Physiological regulation in which a hormone or its effects influence upstream secretion, useful for localizing endocrine dysfunction.
- Hyperosmolar illness
- A metabolic state involving increased effective osmolality and relevant clinical disturbance, assessed with hydration, electrolytes and the underlying cause.
- Opportunistic infection
- An infection whose probability or behavior is influenced by impaired host defenses, requiring interpretation of the specific immune context.
- Clinical localization
- Use of neurological symptoms and examination findings to identify the likely anatomical level before assigning a specific disease cause.
- Fatigability
- A pattern of worsening performance with sustained or repeated activity that can support a neuromuscular-junction differential in context.
- Inflammatory arthritis
- Joint inflammation evaluated through actual swelling, stiffness, distribution, duration and systemic features rather than antibody testing alone.
- Source control
- A cause-specific intervention to address a focus of infection, considered alongside appropriate antimicrobials and physiological support.