HKIS LSD APC Part I Written Assessment flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

AP (Surveying) role

Authorized Person (Surveying) supervises site formation, excavation, and geotechnical works, certifies survey submissions, and ensures compliance with Buildings Ordinance and approved plans.

Professional indemnity insurance

Not mandatory by law but commonly required by clients; covers negligence claims. APs should maintain adequate cover to protect against professional liability.

Conflict of interest

Must be disclosed promptly to clients and employers; APs should avoid situations where personal interests conflict with professional duties to maintain integrity.

Buildings Ordinance Cap. 123

Regulates building works, demolition, and site formation; establishes AP/RSE/RC roles; non-compliance can lead to stop notices, closure orders, and prosecution.

Lands Ordinance Cap. 28

Governs land resumption, compensation, and related matters; provides for the Lands Tribunal to hear certain land disputes.

Land Survey Ordinance Cap. 473

Establishes Land Survey Authority and registration of land surveyors; supports cadastral survey and boundary determination; requires deposit of survey records.

HK80 Geodetic Datum

Official geodetic datum of Hong Kong; coordinates in HK80 Grid via Transverse Mercator projection; used for all surveying and mapping.

Boundary determination

Relies on approved survey plans, Crown lease descriptions, and Land Survey Ordinance; courts consider original grant, plans, physical features, and possession evidence.

Cadastral survey accuracy

For urban areas, positional uncertainty should not exceed 0.1 m at 95% confidence; for 1:1000 scale plans, tolerance is typically ±0.1 m.

Hong Kong Principal Datum

Vertical reference for Hong Kong; based on mean sea level at Victoria Harbour; used for levelling and engineering works.

GNSS static survey

Requires at least 4 satellites, PDOP <6, and sufficient session length (e.g., 30 min for baselines <10 km) to achieve mm-cm accuracy.

Deformation monitoring

Uses repeated precise levelling or total station measurements; applies rigorous adjustment and statistical tests to detect significant movement at 95% confidence.

Least squares adjustment

Computes residuals, a posteriori variance factor, and chi-square test to assess quality; blunders detected via data snooping.

Topographic map scales

Hong Kong Survey and Mapping Office produces 1:1000, 1:5000, and 1:20000 topographic maps; 1:1000 maps have horizontal and vertical accuracy of ±0.5 m.

Cadastral maps

Define lot boundaries based on Land Survey Ordinance; used for land registration and boundary determination; deposited with Land Survey Authority.

GIS topology

Ensures spatial relationships such as no gaps or overlaps in cadastral parcels; critical for data integrity in land information systems.

HK80 Grid EPSG code

EPSG:2326 is the code for Hong Kong 1980 Grid; must be correctly defined in GIS to ensure accurate mapping and analysis.

Metadata standard ISO 19115

International standard for geospatial metadata; includes title, source, accuracy, and processing steps to document survey data.

Setting-out tolerances

Typical tolerances: ±5 mm for building elements, ±10 mm to ±25 mm for roads and drainage; refer to contract specification for exact requirements.

As-built surveys

Measure completed works to verify compliance with design; produce as-built drawings and reports; compare with design and record deviations.

Lease modification

Application to Lands Department to change lease conditions; may involve premium payment and revised conditions; process includes valuation and legal documentation.

Land exchange

Surrender old lot and grant new lot, often for consolidation; governed by Lands Ordinance and government policy; requires premium assessment.

Deeds Registration Ordinance

Cap. 128 provides for registration of instruments; registration gives priority but does not guarantee title.

Total station calibration

Check collimation error, trunnion axis, vertical index, and EDM offset regularly; use certified baseline for distance calibration.

GNSS equipment verification

Verify antenna height, check against known points, and perform factory calibration annually; monitor PDOP and satellite geometry.

Digital level calibration

Calibrate with invar staff; check collimation error and compensator function; use for precise levelling to ±1 mm/km.

Site supervision records

AP/RSE must keep site diary, record instructions, weather, labor, and incidents; conduct regular inspections and retain records for at least 6 years.

Safety management regulation

Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Safety Management) Regulation requires risk assessments, PPE, and accident reporting to Labor Department.

Professional liability

AP can be liable for negligence, breach of contract, and statutory offences; professional indemnity insurance is essential but not mandatory by law.

Report structure

Professional reports should include introduction, methodology, findings, analysis, conclusions, and recommendations; use objective language and support opinions with evidence.

Peer review

Have reports reviewed by another qualified professional before issuing, especially for high-risk matters, to ensure accuracy and quality.

Confidentiality

Do not disclose client information without consent; comply with Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance Cap. 486 when handling personal data.