HKIS LSD APC Part I Written Assessment key terms

A professional registered under the Buildings Ordinance to prepare and submit building plans, supervise construction, and certify completion. Must be a qualified architect, engineer, or surveyor with relevant experience.

An engineer registered under the Buildings Ordinance to design and certify structural works. Responsible for structural plans, calculations, and supervision of structural elements.

An engineer registered under the Buildings Ordinance to design and certify geotechnical works, including foundations, slopes, and excavation. Responsible for geotechnical plans and supervision.

The primary Hong Kong legislation controlling building works, including plan approval, construction supervision, occupation permits, and enforcement. It establishes the roles of AP, RSE, and RGE.

A permit issued by the Building Authority certifying that a building is suitable for occupation. Requires certification by the AP and RSE that works comply with approved plans and are safe.

A document prepared by the AP and RSE outlining supervision requirements for construction works, including inspection frequency, hold points, and personnel responsibilities, as required by the Buildings Ordinance.

The measurement and determination of property boundaries, often using survey instruments and cadastral records. In Hong Kong, boundaries are usually defined by coordinates in the Land Survey Ordinance and related plans.

A disagreement between adjoining landowners over the location or extent of a common boundary. Resolution may involve survey evidence, legal interpretation of deeds, and possibly court or tribunal proceedings.

Hong Kong legislation regulating land boundary surveys, including the appointment and duties of Authorized Land Surveyors, survey standards, and the deposit of survey records.

A land surveyor authorized under the Land Survey Ordinance to conduct land boundary surveys and certify survey reports for registration. Must meet qualification and experience requirements.

A network of survey points with precisely determined coordinates and elevations, forming the reference framework for all surveying and mapping. In Hong Kong, maintained by the Survey and Mapping Office.

The systematic measurement of movements or strains in structures or ground, using instruments such as total stations, GNSS, or inclinometers, to detect changes and ensure safety.

Global Navigation Satellite System, a satellite-based positioning system (e.g., GPS, BeiDou, Galileo) providing three-dimensional coordinates. Used in Hong Kong for control surveys and real-time kinematic (RTK) applications.

An electronic surveying instrument combining an electronic theodolite, distance meter, and onboard computer to measure angles and distances, used for traversing, setting out, and as-built surveys.

A map showing land parcel boundaries, ownership, and related attributes, used for land administration. In Hong Kong, the Land Information System (LIS) provides digital cadastral data.

A computer-based system for managing land-related data, including cadastral maps, ownership, and land use. Maintained by the Hong Kong Survey and Mapping Office for land administration.

Geographic Information System, a framework for capturing, managing, analyzing, and visualizing spatial data. Used in Hong Kong for land management, planning, and survey data integration.

A map depicting natural and man-made features with elevation contours, used for planning and engineering. Hong Kong's topographic maps are produced by the Survey and Mapping Office at various scales.

The process of marking on the ground the positions and levels of planned structures or works, based on design drawings and survey control, to guide construction.

A survey conducted after construction to verify that completed works match design drawings and specifications, often required for occupation permits or final acceptance.

Terms and conditions in a land lease that govern the use, development, and obligations of the land. Compliance is essential for land administration and property development in Hong Kong.

A transaction where a landowner surrenders an existing lot to the government in exchange for a new lot, often to consolidate holdings or enable development, subject to lease conditions and premium.

A formal alteration to lease conditions, such as change of use or relaxation of building covenants, granted by the Lands Department upon application and payment of a premium.

The amount payable to the government for the grant, exchange, or modification of a lease, reflecting the value of the land rights. Assessed by the Lands Department.

The process of comparing an instrument's measurements against a known standard to determine and correct errors. Essential for ensuring accuracy in surveying instruments.

Specified tolerances for survey measurements and products, such as positional accuracy or closure ratios, defined in standards like the Hong Kong Survey and Mapping Office's specifications.

Planned and systematic activities implemented to ensure that survey products and services meet specified quality requirements, including checks, audits, and documentation.

The practice of ensuring safety on construction sites through measures such as risk assessments, safe work procedures, personal protective equipment, and compliance with the Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance.

The management of construction contracts, including payment certification, variations, extensions of time, and dispute resolution, ensuring compliance with contract terms and conditions.

The legal responsibility of professionals for errors, omissions, or negligence in their work, potentially leading to claims for damages. Mitigated by professional indemnity insurance and adherence to standards.

A formal report prepared by a surveying expert for legal proceedings, presenting technical findings and opinions on matters such as boundaries, valuations, or construction defects.

The acquisition of title to land by continuous, open, and adverse occupation without the owner's permission for a statutory period. In Hong Kong, the period is generally 12 years for private land.

A surveying method where a series of connected lines are measured to determine coordinates of points. Used for control surveys and establishing geodetic networks.

The measurement of vertical movement of structures or ground, typically using precise levels or settlement markers, to assess stability and safety during construction.

A document issued by the Building Authority upon completion of building works, certifying that the works comply with the Buildings Ordinance and approved plans, often preceding an occupation permit.