HK Police RPC Written Exam cheat sheet

閱讀理解：先審題後讀文，留意轉折詞「但」「然而」「其實」後的內容，通常為作者真正立場。

語法：粵語口語與書面語有別，考試以規範書面語為準，避免「咗」「啲」「佢」等口語入文。

常見錯別字：分辨「即／既」、「須／需」、「作／做」、「佈／布」，配詞判斷詞性。

句子成分：主語＋謂語＋賓語為基本結構；「被」字句、把字句須注意施受關係。

標點：逗號表停頓，分號分隔並列分句，破折號表解釋或轉折，省略號表列舉未盡。

寫作表達：記敘文重時間線與細節描寫；說明文重定義、分類、舉例；議論文重論點、論據、論證。

成語運用：注意褒貶色彩及適用對象，如「罄竹難書」只用於罪行，「汗牛充棟」只用於書籍。

段落銜接：使用「首先」「其次」「再者」「總而言之」等過渡詞，確保邏輯連貫。

Reading comprehension: identify the main idea, supporting details, inference, and the writer's tone; distinguish fact from opinion.

Subject-verb agreement: singular subjects take singular verbs; indefinite pronouns (everyone, each, neither) are singular.

Tense consistency: use past tense for completed past actions, present perfect for past actions with present relevance.

Common confusions: affect (verb) vs effect (noun); principal (main) vs principle (rule); complement vs compliment.

Punctuation: use a semicolon between related independent clauses; use a comma after introductory phrases.

Writing: structure paragraphs with a topic sentence, supporting evidence, and a concluding sentence; avoid run-on sentences.

Modifiers: place adjectives and adverbs next to the word they modify to avoid dangling or misplaced modifiers.

Formal register: avoid contractions and slang in official writing; prefer precise verbs over phrasal verbs.

Percentage change = (new value − old value) / old value × 100%; reverse percentage: original = new / (1 ± rate).

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d, then ad = bc; scale quantities by the same factor.

Average (mean) = sum of values / number of values; median is the middle value when ordered; mode is the most frequent.

Speed = distance / time; unit conversion: 1 km/h = 1000 m / 3600 s ≈ 0.2778 m/s.

Simple interest = principal × rate × time; compound interest = principal × (1 + rate)^time − principal.

Data interpretation: read axes and units carefully; check whether a graph starts at zero before comparing bar lengths.

Probability = number of favourable outcomes / total number of equally likely outcomes; independent events multiply.

Area and volume: rectangle = length × width; circle = πr²; cylinder = πr²h; use π ≈ 3.14 unless stated.

Deductive validity: an argument is valid if the conclusion must be true when the premises are true; validity is not about actual truth.

Common fallacies: ad hominem (attacking the person), straw man (misrepresenting an argument), false dilemma (only two options).

Inductive strength: a conclusion is probable, not certain; sample size and representativeness affect strength.

Necessary vs sufficient condition: A is necessary for B if B cannot occur without A; A is sufficient if A guarantees B.

Argument analysis: identify the conclusion, premises, and hidden assumptions; ask what evidence would weaken or strengthen it.

Correlation does not imply causation; consider reverse causation and confounding variables.

Syllogism: All A are B; All B are C; therefore All A are C is valid; watch for undistributed middle terms.

Counterexample: a single counterexample disproves a universal claim but does not disprove a statistical claim.

Basic Law is the constitutional document of the HKSAR; it guarantees rights and freedoms and establishes the principle of 'one country, two systems'.

Article 23 of the Basic Law requires the HKSAR to enact laws on its own to prohibit acts endangering national security.

The Hong Kong National Security Law (2020) covers four categories of offences: secession, subversion, terrorist activities, and collusion with foreign forces.

National security offences may be tried in the HKSAR, but in specified circumstances jurisdiction may be exercised by the Mainland authorities.

The Basic Law provides that the HKSAR enjoys independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication, except over acts of state.

The Chief Executive is the head of the HKSAR and is accountable to the Central People's Government and the HKSAR.

The Legislative Council is constituted by election; its powers include enacting, amending, and repealing laws.

The Hong Kong National Security Law respects the principle of legality and the presumption of innocence, but bail is restricted in national security cases.

The HKSAR Government consists of the Chief Executive, the Executive Council, the Legislative Council, and the judiciary.

The Executive Council advises the Chief Executive; its members are appointed by the Chief Executive.

The Legislative Council has 90 members under the current electoral system, returned through Election Committee, functional constituencies, and geographical constituencies.

District Councils are established under the District Councils Ordinance to advise on district affairs and promote community participation.

The Hong Kong Police Force is responsible for maintaining public order, preventing and detecting crime, and protecting life and property.

The Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) investigates corruption offences and reports to the Chief Executive.

Major current affairs topics include the Northern Metropolis development, Greater Bay Area integration, and the 2024 Basic Law Article 23 legislation.

The Hong Kong economy is service-oriented; key sectors include finance, trade logistics, tourism, and professional services.

Integrity: refuse any offer of advantage; report the offer to a supervisor and the ICAC; do not accept gifts, loans, or favours.

Use of force: force must be lawful, necessary, and proportionate; record the reasons and the force used.

Arrest: a police officer may arrest without warrant if there are reasonable grounds to suspect an offence has been committed.

Cautioning: administer the caution before questioning a suspect; the suspect has the right to remain silent and to legal representation.

Community awareness: communicate with residents and stakeholders; explain police actions and listen to concerns.

Decision making: identify the problem, gather information, consider options and consequences, act, and review.

Confidentiality: do not disclose operational information or personal data except for lawful policing purposes.

Conflict of interest: declare any personal relationship or financial interest that could affect your duties.