Državna Matura German flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Zweiteilige Konnektoren

Paired connectors such as entweder … oder, sowohl … als auch, nicht nur … sondern auch, je … desto. They link parallel elements and affect word order: je + comparative at the start triggers verb-second in the main clause.

Verben mit Dativ

Verbs that take a dative object without a preposition: helfen, danken, gefallen, gehören, passen, schmecken, folgen, antworten, gratulieren. Example: Das Buch gefällt mir. Using the accusative here is a frequent exam error.

Nebensatz Wortstellung

In a subordinate clause introduced by weil, dass, obwohl, wenn, als, damit or a relative pronoun, the finite verb moves to the final position. Example: Ich bleibe zu Hause, weil ich krank bin.

Passiv mit Modalverb

Structure: modal verb in position two + Partizip II + werden at the end. Example: Die Aufgabe muss bis Freitag gemacht werden. The modal carries the tense; werden stays in the infinitive.

Adjektivdeklination nach Nullartikel

When no article precedes the adjective, the ending carries the case signal: guter Wein (Nom.), guten Weines (Gen.), mit gutem Wein (Dat.). Endings resemble the definite article forms.

Falsche Freunde

German words that look like Croatian or English words but differ in meaning: bekommen (receive), Gift (poison), Rat (advice), aktuell (current), Konzept (draft). Check meaning in context, not by resemblance.

Trennbare Präfixe

Prefixes like auf-, an-, aus-, ein-, mit-, vor-, zu- separate in main clauses and go to the end: Ich stehe um sechs Uhr auf. In subordinate clauses and with zu they stay attached: aufzustehen.

Konjunktiv II Höflichkeit

Forms hätte, wäre, könnte, würde plus infinitive express polite requests and unreal conditions. Example: Könnten Sie mir bitte helfen? Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich kommen.

Genitivpräpositionen

Prepositions requiring the genitive: wegen, trotz, während, statt, innerhalb, außerhalb, aufgrund. Example: wegen des Regens. In informal speech the dative often replaces the genitive.

Not stated vs false

In true/false/not-stated tasks, choose false only when the text states the opposite. If the text neither confirms nor contradicts the statement, the answer is not stated, even if it seems unlikely.

Paraphrase als Distraktor-Merkmal

Correct options usually restate the text in different words (steigern for erhöhen, untersagen for verbieten). Options copying long verbatim phrases from the text are often wrong distractors.

Themensatz im Absatz

The topic sentence, usually the first or second sentence of a paragraph, states its main idea. Use it to match headings and reject headings that describe only a supporting detail.

Negationswörter im Text

Words such as nicht, kein, kaum, selten, nur, ohne and angeblich reverse or limit meaning. Locate them before deciding whether a statement matches the passage.

Signalwörter für Meinung

Phrases such as meiner Meinung nach, ich finde, aus meiner Sicht, ich bin überzeugt markieren the author's opinion. Questions about Absicht or Meinung target these sentences, not factual paragraphs.

Textsorten erkennen

Anzeige (short, abbreviated, price), Leserbrief (addresses an article, opinionated), Blog (personal, informal), Bericht (neutral, facts first). Recognizing the type predicts where key information sits.

Zahlen als Distraktoren

Recordings often mention two numbers, for example an original and a corrected price or two possible dates. The answer is the figure confirmed by the final statement, not the first one heard.

Zweites Hören nutzen

Use the second listening to confirm marked answers and to fill items left blank, focusing on numbers, names, negations and connectors that you could not resolve the first time.

Diskursmarker als Antwortsignal

Words like also, deshalb, allerdings, eigentlich, im Gegenteil and das heißt typically introduce the decisive information. The answer usually follows such a marker rather than preceding it.

Absicht versus Inhalt

Factual questions ask what was said; intention questions ask why the speaker says it (to warn, complain, invite). Intention answers require inference and rarely repeat the speaker's exact words.

Telefonansage Reihenfolge

Phone messages and announcements follow a predictable order: who is calling, reason, request or information, time and place, closing. Use this order to locate the answer quickly while listening.

Minimalpaare Vokale

Pairs differing only in vowel length or umlaut change meaning: Stadt/Staat, schon/schön, fühlen/füllen, offen/Ofen. Context, not sound alone, resolves which word was said.

Formelle E-Mail Rahmung

Formal email: Sehr geehrte Frau X, then lowercase continuation, closing Mit freundlichen Grüßen without a following comma, then your name. Use Sie-forms consistently throughout.

Informelle Anrede

Informal message: Liebe Anna, or Hallo Tom, with du-forms and matching possessives dein/deine. Closing options are Liebe Grüße, Bis bald or Viele Grüße. Never mix du and Sie in one text.

Inhaltspunkte abdecken

Each bullet in the writing task is a required content point. Mark them off while planning and check them at the end; a missing point lowers the content score regardless of grammar quality.

Argumentationsstruktur

Opinion text pattern: state your position, give two reasons with examples, name and answer a counter-argument, then restate the position in the conclusion. This structure earns coherence marks.

Konnektoren für Kohärenz

Use zunächst, außerdem, darüber hinaus, allerdings, deshalb, trotzdem, zum Schluss to link sentences and paragraphs. Varied connectors raise the coherence criterion compared with repeated und/aber.

Wortzahl einhalten

The task specifies a minimum and maximum word count. Falling below the minimum loses content marks; exceeding it greatly adds errors and costs checking time. Count roughly by lines.

Endkontrolle Schreibaufgabe

Final minutes: check verb position in subordinate clauses, adjective endings, noun capitalization, and consistent Sie or du. These four checks catch most recurring errors.

Monolog-Struktur

Speaking monologue: introduce the topic, present two or three main points with examples, state a personal opinion, close briefly. A fixed structure prevents silence and keeps content complete.

Redemittel für Meinung

Useful phrases: Ich bin der Meinung, dass …, Ein wichtiges Argument dafür ist …, Andererseits …, Zusammenfassend würde ich sagen …. They signal structure and demonstrate B2 range.

Bildbeschreibung Reihenfolge

Describe the picture from foreground to background, then interpret mood or message. Use the present tense for description and modal verbs such as könnte for interpretation.

Aussprache Enddevokalisierung

Voiced consonants become voiceless at the end of a syllable: Tag sounds like Tak, und like unt, lieb like liep. The plural or inflected form restores the voiced sound.