IAAP CAP flashcards
IAAP CAP · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Social model of disability
- The social model holds that disability results from barriers created by society and environments, not from a person's impairment itself; removing barriers enables participation.
- Medical model of disability
- The medical model frames disability as a defect or health condition located in the individual, emphasizing diagnosis, treatment, and cure rather than environmental or social barriers.
- Universal design
- Universal design is the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without adaptation or specialized design; it has seven principles.
- WHO ICF
- The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health describes disability as an interaction between health conditions, environmental factors, and personal factors across body, activity, and participation domains.
- WCAG 2.1 Level AA
- WCAG 2.1 Level AA is a widely referenced web accessibility standard requiring conformance to Level A plus additional criteria such as contrast, resize text, and keyboard focus visibility.
- Section 508
- Section 508 of the U.S. Rehabilitation Act requires federal agencies to procure and use information and communication technology that is accessible, incorporating WCAG 2.0 Level AA by reference.
- European Accessibility Act
- The European Accessibility Act is EU Directive 2019/882, requiring accessible products and services such as e-commerce, banking, and transport from June 2025.
- ADA Title II web rule
- The 2024 U.S. Department of Justice rule requires state and local governments to make web content and mobile apps conform to WCAG 2.1 Level AA by specified compliance dates.
- POUR principles
- POUR is the four-principle framework underlying WCAG: content must be Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust so users with diverse disabilities can perceive and interact with it.
- Accessible name
- An accessible name is the programmatically determined label a user interface control exposes to assistive technology, derived from visible text, labels, or ARIA attributes.
- Focus visible
- WCAG criterion 2.4.7 requires that keyboard focus indicators be visible; removing outlines without providing equivalent visible focus styling is a common accessibility failure.
- Contrast minimum 4.5:1
- WCAG 1.4.3 requires normal text to have a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 against its background; large text requires at least 3:1.
- Tagged PDF
- A tagged PDF contains a logical structure tree identifying headings, paragraphs, lists, and tables, enabling screen readers to interpret reading order and semantics.
- Audio description
- Audio description is narrated description of visual information essential to understanding video content, inserted during pauses in dialogue for blind and low-vision viewers.
- Document reading order
- Reading order is the sequence in which assistive technology presents document content; it must match the visual and logical order for comprehension.
- Plain language
- Plain language presents content using common words, short sentences, and clear structure so readers can find, understand, and use information the first time.
- Refreshable braille display
- A refreshable braille display is a tactile device with pins that raise and lower to render text in braille, connected to computers or mobile devices for deafblind and blind users.
- Switch access
- Switch access lets people with motor impairments operate devices using one or more switches that scan and select on-screen items without a standard keyboard or mouse.
- Tab order
- Tab order is the sequence in which focus moves through interactive elements when the Tab key is pressed; it should follow visual and logical reading order.
- Accessible route
- An accessible route is a continuous, unobstructed path connecting accessible elements and spaces, meeting requirements for width, slope, surface, and head clearance.
- Ramp slope 1:12
- Under the ADA Standards, ramp runs must not exceed a 1:12 slope, meaning one unit of rise for every twelve units of horizontal run, with landings and handrails.
- Tactile signage
- ADA tactile signage uses raised characters and braille at consistent locations, such as adjacent to doors, so people who are blind can identify rooms independently.
- VPAT
- A Voluntary Product Accessibility Template is a document vendors complete to report how a product conforms to accessibility standards such as Section 508 or WCAG.
- Accessibility statement
- An accessibility statement publicly documents an organization's accessibility commitment, conformance target, known limitations, and a contact route for reporting barriers.
- Procurement accessibility clause
- A procurement accessibility clause is contract language requiring vendors to meet specified accessibility standards, provide documentation, and remediate defects before or after delivery.
- WCAG-EM
- WCAG-EM is the W3C Website Accessibility Conformance Evaluation Methodology, defining scoping, sampling, and evaluation steps for determining conformance to WCAG.
- Automated accessibility testing
- Automated testing uses tools to detect rule-based issues such as missing alt text or low contrast, but it cannot confirm usability or catch all WCAG failures.
- Think-aloud protocol
- In think-aloud usability testing, participants verbalize their thoughts while performing tasks, revealing expectations and confusion that observational data alone may miss.
- Severity rating
- A severity rating ranks accessibility defects by impact on users and frequency, helping teams prioritize remediation work by real-world harm rather than detection order.
- Accessibility champion
- An accessibility champion is a staff member who advocates for accessibility within a team, shares expertise, and reinforces practices without necessarily holding formal authority.
- Executive sponsorship
- Executive sponsorship means a senior leader publicly supports and resources accessibility, lending authority and budget needed to sustain organizational change.
- Accessibility awareness training
- Accessibility awareness training introduces staff to disability, barriers, and inclusive practices, building shared understanding that supports policy and technical implementation.