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'Bold' means showing courage when facing danger or difficulty, which is the same core meaning as 'brave'. The remaining words describe caution, awkward movement or mood rather than courage.
'Ancient' means belonging to the distant past, so its antonym must refer to the present day. 'Modern' means belonging to the present time, making it the true opposite.
The prefix 're-' adds the idea of doing something a second time or sending something back. So 'rewrite' means to write again and 'return' means to go back.
A possessive word is needed before the noun 'nests' to show who owns them, and 'their' is the possessive form of 'they'. It is the only option that can sit directly before a noun to show possession.
A compound word joins two complete words that each carry their own meaning. 'Notebook' is made of 'note' and 'book', so it is a compound.
English uses different collective nouns for different animals. 'Flock' is the standard collective noun for sheep, and also for birds.
The word part 'noct-' is linked to night, as seen in 'nocturnal' and 'nocturne'. Nocturnal animals such as owls and bats are therefore active at night.
The suffix '-ful' means 'full of' or 'having', so 'careful' means full of care or attention. It is the opposite of the suffix '-less'.
The second half of the sentence gives the clue: the hikers ate every scrap of food. This shows that 'famished' describes extreme hunger, not tiredness or injury.
The suffix '-ist' forms nouns naming a person who practises or studies a subject, as in 'biologist', 'artist' and 'scientist'. The study itself is named with '-ology' or '-y', as in 'biology'.
'Abundant' describes something existing in large quantities. 'Plentiful' carries the same idea of a large supply being available.
'Generous' means willing to give freely to others. 'Stingy' means unwilling to give or spend, which is its direct opposite.
This idiom is used when information that was meant to be hidden becomes known. The image of something escaping from a bag matches the idea of a secret being revealed.
'Aqua' is the Latin word for water, so an aquarium holds water and an aquatic animal lives in water. Recognising the root helps you work out unfamiliar words containing it.
All four words can describe someone who spends little, but they differ in attitude. 'Stingy' is a criticism of someone unwilling to share, while the others suggest sensible management.
English words combine in fixed partnerships called collocations. 'Decision' collocates with 'make', giving the standard phrase 'make a decision'.
'Suddenly' tells us how the action of collapsing happened, so it modifies the verb 'collapsed'. Words that modify verbs in this way are adverbs, and they typically end in '-ly'.
'Mis-' adds the idea of error or incorrectness, so to misunderstand is to understand wrongly and to misplace is to put something in the wrong place.
'Trudge' means to walk with slow, heavy steps, usually because of tiredness or difficulty. The other words suggest speed, ease or lightness.
The pair shows a young animal and its adult form: a puppy is a young dog. In the same way, a duckling is a young duck.
Combining 'mal' (bad) with 'adroit' (skilful) gives the sense of badly skilled, that is, lacking skill. 'Clumsy' captures that meaning of awkward, unskilful handling.
To 'infer' is to draw a conclusion from evidence that is not stated outright, and it is the reader or listener who does this. To 'imply' is to suggest something without saying it, which is the writer's or speaker's action.
'Ephemeral' describes something that exists only briefly, such as a mayfly or morning mist. The other three options all mean lasting a long time or forever.
Someone sitting on a fence is in the middle rather than on either side. The idiom therefore describes a person who avoids choosing between two opposing positions.
Word families change form through suffixes: '-sion' forms the noun 'persuasion', '-ive' forms an adjective and '-ly' forms an adverb. Only 'persuasion' names the act or process itself.
'They're' is a contraction of 'they are', which supplies the subject and verb that 'planning to visit' needs. A contraction always carries an apostrophe marking the missing letter.
Collective nouns are fixed terms for groups of particular animals. A group of lions is a pride, while 'flock', 'herd' and 'school' belong to other creatures.
A prefix adds a fixed meaning to a base word. 'Sub-' comes from Latin and means 'under' or 'below', so a submarine travels under the sea and subzero temperatures are below zero.
A reader can use the details that follow an unfamiliar word to work out its meaning. Torn roofs and flattened fences are evidence of mess and confusion, so 'disarray' means a state of disorder.
An idiom carries a figurative meaning that cannot be read from its separate words. The image of a mouthful too large to chew stands for accepting duties or tasks beyond one's capacity.
An analogy links two pairs that share the same relationship. A pen is the tool a writer works with, so the matching pair must name the worker who uses a scalpel.
Words with similar basic meanings can carry different feelings, called connotations. 'Thrifty' praises sensible saving, while the other three suggest meanness about money.
Word roots carry a core meaning that survives in related words, such as 'benefit' and 'benevolent'. Combining 'bene' (good) with the idea of doing or making gives the sense of a person who does good by giving support.
A word's part of speech depends on the job it does in the sentence. Here 'light' follows 'please' and takes the object 'the candles', so it is naming an action and is therefore a verb.
Many English words have several meanings, and the surrounding words select the right one. Because the people are watching a river flow past, 'bank' refers to the land along its edge.
Precise vocabulary depends on matching a word to its exact definition. 'Aversion' comes from a root meaning 'to turn away' and names a settled dislike of something.
'Synchronous' joins 'syn-' (together) with 'chron' (time), giving the sense of events occurring at the same moment. Recognising both roots narrows the choice to one word containing the time element.
'Affect' is a verb meaning to influence or bring about a change in something. The sentence needs a verb after 'will', and the meaning required is that classes will be influenced.
'Mitigate' means to soften or reduce the seriousness of something, such as pain, harm or a problem. It is often confused with its near-homophones, which have quite different meanings.
'Candid' describes someone who speaks openly and truthfully, even when the truth is uncomfortable. The closest synonym is 'honest', as in a candid opinion or a candid answer.
The question asks specifically for the item that provides light. A torch is the only item listed that lets a person see in darkness. The other items serve different purposes and cannot light the way.
Context clues show the bridge was closed to traffic, which suggests it was unsafe. "Fragile" describes something delicate that breaks easily. Length, age and location are not supported by the rest of the sentence.
A fact can be checked and proven, while an opinion expresses a personal judgement or value. Calling a room "the best" is a judgement that different people could disagree with. The other sentences give details that could be verified.
The sentence lists the actions in order using the word "then". The final action mentioned is parking the car in the garage. Order words such as "then" and "last" signal sequence.
The main idea is the overall point the whole passage supports. Both sentences describe bees moving pollen between flowers, which is how flowering plants are pollinated. Hives, taste and locations are not discussed.
The word "because" introduces the reason for something happening. Here it directly links the cancellation to the flooded field. No other cause is mentioned in the sentence.
Purpose is shown by what the text does: this one gives a series of steps in the imperative form, which is typical of instructions. Recipes exist to guide a reader through a process. Nothing in it tells a story, argues a case or describes a setting.
A pronoun such as "it" refers back to the most recent matching noun. The only object Priya could bring back is the racket that Tomas lent her. People are referred to by "she" or "he", not "it".
An inference is a conclusion drawn from clues the writer provides. The other players being ready and the umpire checking the time both suggest Lara is behind schedule. Nothing in the text supports the other possibilities.
Motivation is revealed through actions and clues. Checking the sky repeatedly suggests Dev was watching the weather, which explains why he then packed an umbrella. The other options have no support in the text.