UKOM Sp.PD flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

STEMI reperfusion window

Primary PCI is preferred if achievable within 120 minutes of first medical contact; otherwise fibrinolysis within 30 minutes of diagnosis, then transfer for angiography.

CHA2DS2-VASc anticoagulation threshold

Anticoagulation is recommended for men with score ≥2 and women with score ≥3; score 1 in men or 2 in women warrants consideration. DOACs preferred except mechanical valves.

Light's criteria

Pleural fluid is exudative if pleural/serum protein ratio >0.5, pleural/serum LDH ratio >0.6, or pleural LDH exceeds two-thirds the upper normal serum LDH.

CURB-65 components

Confusion, Urea >7 mmol/L, Respiratory rate ≥30/min, Blood pressure systolic <90 or diastolic ≤60 mmHg, and age ≥65 years. Each scores one point.

GOLD spirometry criterion

COPD is confirmed when post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC is below 0.70, indicating persistent airflow limitation not fully reversible.

Glasgow-Blatchford score

A pre-endoscopy score using urea, hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, melena, syncope, liver disease, and cardiac failure. Score ≤1 identifies very low-risk upper GI bleeding.

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis threshold

SBP is diagnosed when ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear cell count is ≥250/mm³. Treat with IV cefotaxime plus albumin 1.5 g/kg on day 1 and 1 g/kg on day 3.

Refeeding syndrome risk criteria

Risk includes BMI <16, unintentional weight loss >15% in 3–6 months, little oral intake >10 days, and low baseline phosphate, potassium, or magnesium.

KDIGO AKI stage 1

Increase in serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours, or 1.5–1.9 times baseline within 7 days, or urine output <0.5 mL/kg/h for 6–12 hours.

Hyperkalemia emergency sequence

Give IV calcium gluconate for cardiac protection, then insulin with dextrose and nebulized salbutamol to shift potassium intracellularly; consider bicarbonate and dialysis for refractory cases.

Dialysis indications AEIOU

Acidosis refractory to treatment, Electrolyte disturbance such as hyperkalemia, Intoxication with dialyzable toxins, fluid Overload, and Uremia with pericarditis, encephalopathy, or bleeding.

DKA diagnostic triad

Hyperglycemia >250 mg/dL, metabolic acidosis with pH <7.3 and bicarbonate <18 mmol/L, and ketonemia or ketonuria with elevated anion gap.

Thyroid storm treatment order

Give thionamide (PTU or methimazole) first, then iodine at least one hour later, plus beta-blocker, hydrocortisone, supportive care, and treatment of the precipitating cause.

Adrenal crisis immediate therapy

Draw cortisol and ACTH if possible, then give hydrocortisone 100 mg IV immediately followed by 50 mg every 6 hours, with isotonic saline and glucose as needed.

Febrile neutropenia empiric therapy

ANC <500/µL with fever ≥38.3 °C once or ≥38.0 °C sustained over 1 hour requires blood cultures and antipseudomonal beta-lactam within 60 minutes.

Tumor lysis syndrome features

Hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, and hypocalcemia from rapid cell breakdown. Prevent with hydration and allopurinol; rasburicase for high-risk patients.

Multiple myeloma CRAB criteria

HyperCalcemia, Renal insufficiency, Anemia, and Bone lesions. SLiM criteria include ≥60% plasma cells, light chain ratio ≥100, and more than one MRI lesion.

Anaphylaxis first-line drug

Epinephrine 0.3–0.5 mg intramuscularly (1:1000) in the anterolateral thigh, repeated every 5–15 minutes. Antihistamines and steroids are adjuncts only.

Gout urate target

Urate-lowering therapy aims for serum urate below 6 mg/dL, or below 5 mg/dL in patients with tophi. Do not start or stop therapy during an acute flare.

Giant cell arteritis management

In patients over 50 with new headache, jaw claudication, or visual symptoms, start prednisone 40–60 mg immediately and obtain temporal artery biopsy within two weeks.

Sepsis-3 definition

Suspected infection plus an acute increase in SOFA score of at least 2 points. Septic shock adds vasopressor need for MAP ≥65 mmHg and lactate >2 mmol/L after fluids.

Dengue warning signs

Abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, fluid accumulation, mucosal bleeding, lethargy, liver enlargement >2 cm, and rising hematocrit with falling platelets. Avoid NSAIDs and intramuscular injections.

Severe malaria treatment

IV artesunate is first-line for severe falciparum malaria, defined by parasitemia >5%, cerebral involvement, acidosis, hypoglycemia, or renal failure.

Status epilepticus sequence

First-line benzodiazepine (IV lorazepam or IM midazolam), then second-line levetiracetam, valproate, or phenytoin, then anesthetic agents for refractory cases.

Bacterial meningitis dexamethasone

Dexamethasone 10 mg IV is given before or with the first antibiotic dose, especially in suspected pneumococcal meningitis, without delaying antibiotics for lumbar puncture.

GCS score interpretation

Eye 1–4, verbal 1–5, motor 1–6, total 3–15. A score of 8 or less indicates need for airway protection; motor response carries the strongest prognosis.

Delirium identification tool

The 4AT or CAM screen detects acute fluctuating attention and altered consciousness. Treat the underlying cause; reserve antipsychotics for severe agitation or danger.

Fried frailty phenotype

Weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, slow gait speed, and weakness. Three or more criteria indicate frailty; one or two indicate prefrailty.

Adult BLS compression parameters

Compress at 100–120 per minute to a depth of 5–6 cm, allow full recoil, minimize interruptions, and use a 30:2 ratio before an advanced airway is placed.

Parkland burn formula

Give 4 mL × body weight in kg × percentage total body surface area burned of lactated Ringer solution in the first 24 hours, with half in the first 8 hours.

Informed consent elements

Diagnosis, proposed treatment, alternatives, risks and benefits, and prognosis must be explained to a competent patient, who then agrees voluntarily; document the discussion.

SBAR handover structure

Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. It provides a structured, concise transfer of clinical information during referral or shift change.