Israel CAA CPL Theory Exam flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Class A airspace

Airspace in which only IFR flights are permitted and all flights are separated by ATC. In Israel, controlled airspace follows ICAO classes; VFR is excluded from Class A.

Semi-circular rule

Cruising level rule based on magnetic track: tracks 000–179° use odd thousands of feet, tracks 180–359° use even thousands. Applied above the transition altitude in IFR and VFR cruise.

Special VFR

A clearance allowing VFR flight inside a control zone when weather is below VMC minima, subject to ATC approval and specified visibility and cloud-clearance minima. Not available at night unless the unit is authorised.

Compulsory reporting point

A geographic point at which an aircraft must make a position report to ATC unless radar identification has been established and ATC has advised that reports are not required.

Blocked pitot tube

If the pitot tube is blocked but the static port remains clear, the airspeed indicator behaves like an altimeter: it over-reads in a climb and under-reads in a descent.

Magneto dead cut

A magneto check showing no rpm drop when a magneto is switched off indicates a grounding fault in the ignition circuit. The aircraft must not be dispatched until rectified.

Constant-speed propeller

A propeller whose blade angle is controlled by a governor, usually using engine oil pressure, to maintain a selected rpm as power and airspeed change.

ELT frequency

Emergency locator transmitters broadcast on 121.5 MHz and 243 MHz for local homing and on 406 MHz for the COSPAS-SARSAT satellite system, which provides worldwide alerting.

Density altitude

Pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature. It equals pressure altitude plus 120 times the difference between actual and ISA temperature in degrees Celsius.

Final reserve fuel

Fuel required to hold for 30 minutes at 1500 ft above the alternate for turbine aircraft, or 45 minutes for piston aircraft, calculated at the holding fuel flow.

Equal time point

The point along a route at which the time to continue to the destination equals the time to return or divert to an alternate, accounting for wind on each leg.

Point of no return

The furthest point along a route from which an aircraft can return to the departure aerodrome with the fuel remaining, calculated using ground speeds outbound and inbound.

Time of useful consciousness

The period after loss of cabin pressurisation during which a pilot can still take corrective action. It is about 30–60 seconds at FL 350 and 3–5 minutes at FL 250.

Somatogravic illusion

A false sensation of climbing or descending caused by linear acceleration or deceleration, which the vestibular system interprets as pitch change. It can cause a pilot to push or pull incorrectly.

Yerkes–Dodson curve

The relationship between arousal and performance: performance improves with arousal up to an optimum point, then declines as arousal becomes excessive and attention narrows.

Carbon monoxide poisoning

A hazard from exhaust leaks into the cabin heater. Symptoms include headache, confusion and cherry-red skin. Treatment is to shut off the heater, open vents and breathe 100 % oxygen.

QNH

The altimeter setting that, when set on the subscale, causes the altimeter to indicate elevation above mean sea level at the aerodrome reference point.

Carburettor icing

Ice formation in the carburettor venturi, most likely at ambient temperatures between −7 °C and +21 °C with high humidity. It causes rpm loss and is treated with carburettor heat.

Mountain wave

Oscillatory airflow downwind of a ridge when stable air crosses it at 15–30 kt perpendicular to the ridge. It produces severe turbulence, lee waves and altimeter errors.

Great circle

The shortest path between two points on the surface of a sphere. Its track changes continuously and it appears as a curved line on a Mercator chart.

Departure formula

The distance along a parallel of latitude equals the change of longitude in minutes multiplied by the cosine of the latitude. Used for dead reckoning along a parallel.

Mercator chart

A conformal cylindrical projection on which rhumb lines are straight and the scale increases with latitude. Great circles appear concave toward the equator.

Magnetic variation

The angle between true north and magnetic north at a location. Easterly variation is subtracted from true direction to obtain magnetic direction; westerly variation is added.

ILS localiser

The lateral guidance component of an ILS, transmitting on 108.10–111.95 MHz with odd tenths of a megahertz. It provides course guidance to the runway centreline.

DME slant range

The line-of-sight distance from the aircraft to the DME station. It over-reads the ground distance, most significantly at high altitude close to the station.

Holding pattern entry

The method of joining a holding pattern determined by the aircraft's heading relative to the inbound course: direct, parallel or teardrop. Standard holds use right turns.

Transponder code 7600

The SSR code selected to indicate radio communication failure. In IMC the pilot follows the last assigned clearance and the published lost-communication procedure.

V1 decision speed

The speed at which a failure of the critical engine allows the pilot to either continue the takeoff or stop within the remaining runway. A failure after V1 requires continuing.

Sterile cockpit

A rule prohibiting non-essential conversation and activity during critical phases of flight, typically taxi, takeoff, approach and landing, to maintain concentration on flying duties.

Critical angle of attack

The angle of attack at which the wing stalls. It is a fixed value for a given wing and does not change with weight, speed or density altitude.

Load factor in a turn

In a level turn, load factor equals one divided by the cosine of the bank angle. A 60° bank gives a load factor of two and increases stall speed by about 41 %.

Readback requirement

The pilot must repeat back safety-related ATC clearances and instructions, including runway, altitude, heading, speed, frequency and transponder codes, to confirm correct reception.

MAYDAY call

The international distress signal, spoken three times, used when an aircraft is threatened by serious or imminent danger and requires immediate assistance.