Israel Patent Attorney Exam key terms

The requirement that an invention was not previously published, used, or otherwise made available to the public anywhere in the world before the priority date, assessed against each prior-art item individually.

The requirement that an invention not be obvious to a person skilled in the art in light of the prior art, allowing combination of references and consideration of the problem the invention solves.

The requirement that the invention be capable of being made or used in any kind of industry, including agriculture, and produce a technical result rather than a purely abstract or aesthetic one.

All information publicly available before the priority date, including publications, public use, sales, and earlier patent applications published in Israel, against which novelty and inventive step are judged.

A hypothetical practitioner with ordinary skill and full knowledge of the relevant field's common general knowledge, used as the benchmark for assessing obviousness and sufficiency of disclosure.

The categories of invention eligible for patent protection, excluding discoveries, scientific theories, mathematical methods, and methods of treatment of the human body, as defined by statute and case law.

Subject matter that cannot be patented regardless of novelty, such as methods of medical treatment, biological processes for producing plants or animals, and inventions contrary to public order or morality.

The filing date of the first application for an invention, from which the novelty and inventive-step assessment is measured, provided priority is validly claimed within the applicable convention period.

A formal request in a later application to be treated as filed on the date of an earlier application, requiring identity of invention and compliance with the twelve-month convention period and documentary formalities.

The international treaty establishing national treatment, the right of priority, and common rules on patents, trademarks, and designs among member states, forming the foundation of cross-border filing strategy.

A treaty allowing a single international application to be filed with a receiving office, followed by an international search, optional preliminary examination, and entry into national or regional phase before member states.

The step of pursuing a PCT application before a designated national or regional office, requiring translation, payment of national fees, and appointment of a local representative within the prescribed time limit.

A report issued by an International Searching Authority listing the prior-art documents relevant to a PCT application and providing a written opinion on novelty, inventive step, and industrial applicability.

The WTO agreement setting minimum standards for intellectual property protection, including patent term, exclusive rights, and enforcement, binding on member states and influencing Israeli patent and enforcement law.

The numbered statements at the end of a patent specification that define the scope of protection sought, each of which must be clear, supported by the description, and limited to a single invention.

The part of a patent application describing the invention, its background, embodiments, and how to carry it out, and which must enable a skilled person to perform the invention without undue experimentation.

The requirement that the description disclose the invention clearly and completely enough for a person skilled in the art to carry it out, including at least one practical way of performing it.

The judicial or administrative interpretation of claim language to determine its scope, considering the claim wording, the description, and the prosecution history, as applied by the Registrar and courts.

A change to the application or specification during prosecution or after grant, permitted only within the scope of the original disclosure and subject to examination and, after grant, to opposition or court approval.

The Israel Patent Office's substantive review of an application for compliance with patentability and formal requirements, resulting in allowance, objections, or refusal after the applicant has an opportunity to respond.

A written communication from the examiner setting out objections to an application, such as lack of novelty or clarity, and specifying a period within which the applicant must respond or risk abandonment.

A post-grant administrative proceeding in which a third party challenges the validity of a granted patent before the Registrar within the statutory period, on specified grounds and under prescribed procedure.

The official heading the Israel Patent Office who examines applications, grants patents, decides oppositions and other proceedings, and whose decisions are subject to appeal before the competent court.

Unauthorized making, using, offering for sale, selling, or importing of a patented invention within Israel without the proprietor's consent, giving rise to civil remedies and, in some cases, criminal liability.

The relief a court may grant for infringement, including injunctions, damages, an account of profits, delivery up or destruction of infringing goods, and, where warranted, statutory or punitive damages.

A defense asserting that the patent should not have been granted or has become invalid, for example due to lack of novelty or prior public use, which may be raised in infringement proceedings.

An extension of patent protection for pharmaceutical products beyond the standard term, granted to compensate for regulatory approval delay and subject to conditions on duration and marketing authorization.

An adjustment of the patent's duration, for example to compensate for delays in regulatory approval or examination, subject to statutory conditions and calculation rules applied by the Patent Office.

Regulatory approval permitting a medicinal product to be sold, which is a precondition for certain term extensions and which defines the protected product for the purposes of an extension certificate.

A transfer of ownership of a patent or application from one party to another, which must be in writing and recorded with the Patent Office to be effective against third parties.

A permission granted by the patent proprietor allowing another party to exploit the invention on agreed terms, which may be exclusive or non-exclusive and should be recorded to bind third parties.

A license granted by the Registrar or a court without the proprietor's consent, typically where the invention is not being worked in Israel or for public-health or national-emergency reasons, subject to statutory conditions.

Inventions made by an employee in the course of employment, which by default belong to the employer, subject to rules on reasonable compensation and contractual arrangements between the parties.

Protection of a sign distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking, obtained by registration with the Trademark Office and maintained through use and renewal, with remedies against confusing use.

Protection for the appearance of a product, such as its shape, pattern, or ornamentation, obtained by registration and assessed for novelty and individual character, separate from patent protection.

Protection of original literary, artistic, musical, and other works from unauthorized reproduction and other restricted acts, arising automatically on creation and lasting for a defined term.

Confidential business or technical information with commercial value that is protected against misappropriation through reasonable secrecy measures, without formal registration and potentially indefinitely.

The protection shielding communications between a patent attorney and client from compelled disclosure, including in litigation and regulatory proceedings, subject to statutory exceptions and waiver rules.

A situation where a patent attorney's duties to a client are compromised by personal interests or duties to another client, requiring disclosure, consent, or withdrawal under professional ethics rules.

A challenge to a decision of the Registrar or a lower court brought before the competent appellate court, which reviews the decision on the record and may affirm, reverse, or remand it.