Assam ASSEB Higher Secondary Education flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Assamese alphabet count

Standard Assamese has 11 vowel letters (স্বরবর্ণ) and 41 consonant letters (ব্যঞ্জনবর্ণ), derived from the Brahmi script lineage through Kamarupi.

Classical language status 2024

In 2024 the Indian government granted classical language status to five languages, including Assamese, Pali, Prakrit and Marathi, recognising documented ancient literary heritage.

Sanskrit visarga sandhi

Visarga sandhi governs changes when a word ends in visarga (ḥ). The visarga often becomes r, s or o depending on the following sound.

Reported speech backshift

When the reporting verb is past, present simple becomes past simple, present perfect becomes past perfect, and will becomes would; time words also shift.

Non-defining relative clause

A clause adding extra, non-essential information about a noun, set off by commas and using which or who, never that.

Metonymy versus synecdoche

Metonymy substitutes an associated thing (crown for monarchy); synecdoche substitutes part for whole or whole for part (hands for workers).

Discriminant of a quadratic

For ax²+bx+c=0, D=b²-4ac. D>0 gives distinct real roots, D=0 equal real roots, D<0 complex conjugate roots.

Integration by parts rule

∫u dv = uv - ∫v du. Choose u by ILATE order: inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, algebraic, trigonometric, exponential, to simplify the integral.

Conditional probability formula

P(A|B) = P(A∩B)/P(B) for P(B)>0. Events are independent exactly when P(A∩B) = P(A)P(B).

de Broglie wavelength

A particle of momentum p has wavelength λ = h/p. For an electron accelerated through V volts, λ ≈ 12.27/√V ångströms.

Photoelectric stopping potential

The stopping potential V₀ just halts the fastest emitted photoelectrons, so eV₀ equals maximum kinetic energy and depends on frequency, not intensity.

Adiabatic process relation

In a reversible adiabatic process no heat is exchanged, and PVᵞ = constant, where γ is the ratio of specific heats Cp/Cv.

Hybridisation from steric number

Steric number counts bonded atoms plus lone pairs on the central atom: 2 gives sp, 3 gives sp², 4 gives sp³, 5 gives sp³d, 6 gives sp³d².

Markovnikov's rule

In HX addition to an unsymmetrical alkene, hydrogen adds to the carbon bearing more hydrogens, forming the more stable carbocation intermediate.

SN1 versus SN2

SN1 is two-step via carbocation, favoured by tertiary substrates and polar protic solvents. SN2 is one-step backside attack, favoured by primary substrates.

Mendel's law of segregation

The two alleles of a gene separate during gamete formation, so each gamete carries only one allele; they recombine randomly at fertilisation.

Semi-conservative replication

Each new DNA molecule keeps one parental strand and one newly synthesised strand, so genetic information is faithfully copied before cell division.

SA node function

The sinoatrial node in the right atrium generates the heart's electrical impulse and sets the rhythm, which is why it is called the natural pacemaker.

De Morgan's laws

In Boolean algebra, (A+B)' = A'·B' and (A·B)' = A' + B'. They let any expression be rewritten using only one basic operator.

Coefficient of variation

CV = (standard deviation / mean) × 100. It compares variability across data sets with different units or very different means.

Mohs hardness scale

A ten-point relative scale from talc (1) to diamond (10); each mineral scratches those below it and is scratched by those above.

Price elasticity of demand

Percentage change in quantity demanded divided by percentage change in price. Demand is elastic when the absolute value exceeds one.

GDP deflator

Nominal GDP divided by real GDP, multiplied by 100. It measures the overall price level change across all domestically produced goods.

Bloom's taxonomy order

Cognitive objectives ascend as Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyse, Evaluate, Create; higher levels require the lower ones as prerequisites.

Accounting equation

Assets equal liabilities plus capital. Every transaction changes at least two elements so the equation stays balanced under double entry.

Break-even quantity

Fixed cost divided by contribution per unit, where contribution is selling price minus variable cost per unit. At this output profit is zero.

Written down value method

Depreciation applies a fixed percentage to the reducing book value each year, giving higher charges early and lower charges later.

Absolute versus relative reference

In spreadsheets, a relative reference shifts when copied; an absolute reference with dollar signs locks the row or column.

Tolerance in quality control

The permitted deviation of a measured dimension from its nominal value. Parts outside tolerance are rejected or reworked after calibration checks.

Internal assessment components

Marks typically combine periodic tests, notebook maintenance, subject enrichment activities and practical work, each with a fixed maximum set by the board.

Titration concordant readings

Concordant readings are successive titre values agreeing closely, usually within 0.1 mL. Their mean is used in the molarity calculation.

Project report structure

A project report states title, objective, introduction, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion, bibliography and acknowledgement in that order.