Assam ASSEB HS Apparel Made-Ups & Home Furnishing flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Textile value chain

The sequence from fibre to yarn, fabric, wet processing, garment manufacturing and retail. Each stage adds value and creates employment in the apparel and home furnishing sector.

Organised versus unorganised sector

Organised textile units are registered factories with regulated wages and conditions; unorganised units include powerlooms, handlooms and small tailoring shops outside factory regulation.

Mercerisation

Treatment of cotton with strong sodium hydroxide under tension. It increases lustre, strength and dye absorption and improves dimensional stability, giving a smoother, more receptive fabric.

Wool felting shrinkage

Wool fibres have surface scales; friction and moisture make them interlock irreversibly. Shrink-resistant finishes or gentle cool washing are needed to prevent felting.

Tex and denier

Direct yarn count systems. Tex is grams per 1000 metres; denier is grams per 9000 metres. A higher number means a coarser yarn.

Cotton count (Ne)

An indirect yarn count system: the number of 840-yard hanks in one pound. A higher Ne means a finer yarn, so 60s is finer than 20s.

Plain weave

The simplest weave with alternate interlacement of warp and weft. It is strong and firm with maximum thread interlacing, used in calico, poplin and muslin.

Twill weave

A weave producing diagonal lines by passing the weft over two or more warp threads in a step pattern. It is durable and drapeable, as in denim and gabardine.

Sanforising

A mechanical compressive shrinkage finish for cotton fabrics that reduces residual shrinkage to about one percent, keeping garments dimensionally stable after washing.

Warp knit versus weft knit

In weft knitting loops run across the width (jersey, rib) and stretch easily; in warp knitting loops run lengthwise (tricot), giving more stability and less stretch.

Ease

The difference between a body measurement and the corresponding garment measurement. Wearing ease allows movement and breathing; design ease creates the intended silhouette.

Bias grain

The direction at 45 degrees to the lengthwise and crosswise grain. Fabric on the bias stretches most and drapes well, so it needs careful handling and stay-stitching.

French seam

A seam that encloses raw edges within itself, made by sewing wrong sides together, trimming, then stitching right sides together. Suited to sheer and light fabrics.

Dart manipulation

Moving the fullness of a dart from one position to another, such as from bust to shoulder or waist, without changing the fit of the garment.

Tech pack

A specification document giving measurements with tolerances, fabric and trims, stitch types, SPI, construction details and packing instructions. It is the reference for sampling and inspection.

AQL inspection

Acceptable Quality Level sampling under ISO 2859. A sample size is drawn from the lot and accepted or rejected according to the number of major and minor defects found.

SAM and SMV

Standard Allowed Minute and Standard Minute Value: the time allowed to perform an operation at a defined performance level. Used for costing, line balancing and efficiency calculation.

Four-point fabric inspection

A system for grading fabric defects: a defect is penalised one to four points according to its length, and points per 100 square yards decide acceptance.

Curtain fullness ratio

The total fabric width divided by the window or track width. Pencil pleat usually needs 1.5 to 2 times, pinch pleat and gathered headings 2 to 2.5 times.

GSM in towels

Grams per square metre of towel fabric. Around 400 to 600 GSM gives plush absorbency; 300 to 400 GSM dries faster and is more durable.

Martindale abrasion test

A test that rubs fabric against a standard abrasive under pressure and records the cycles to wear. It is used to grade upholstery durability.

Half-drop repeat

A design repeat in which alternate rows of motifs are shifted by half the motif width. It avoids the visible vertical alignment of a straight repeat.

Hue, value and chroma

The three properties of colour: hue is the colour name, value is lightness or darkness, and chroma is saturation or purity of the colour.

Disperse dyes

Dyes of low solubility applied as a fine dispersion, mainly to polyester and other synthetic fibres. They require high temperature or carrier dyeing for good penetration.

Crocking

Colour transfer from a dyed fabric to another surface by rubbing. It is tested in dry and wet states and graded from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent).

Break-even point

The sales volume at which total revenue equals total cost. In units it equals fixed cost divided by selling price minus variable cost per unit.

Udyam registration

The Indian online registration system for micro, small and medium enterprises, based on investment and turnover. It replaces earlier MSME registration methods and gives access to schemes.

Working capital

Current assets minus current liabilities. Garment units need it for fabric, trims, wages and power while waiting for buyer payment.

Consumer Protection Act, 2019

Indian law protecting consumers against unfair trade practices and misleading advertisements. It created the Central Consumer Protection Authority and provides redressal commissions.

Planogram

A diagram showing where products are placed on shelves or fixtures. Retailers use it to optimise visibility, space productivity and the customer's shopping path.

ISO 3758 care symbols

International care labelling symbols: washtub for washing, triangle for bleaching, square for drying, iron for ironing, circle for professional cleaning, with a cross meaning do not.

Lyocell

A regenerated cellulose fibre made by dissolving wood pulp in an amine oxide solvent. The solvent is recovered in a closed loop, making it a lower-impact fibre.