Assam ASSEB HSLC NSQF Health Care cheat sheet

WHO defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Levels of care: primary (first contact, e.g., sub-centre, PHC), secondary (district hospital, specialist), tertiary (medical college, super-specialty).

India's rural public health pyramid: Sub-centre (1 per ~5,000 people) → PHC (1 per ~30,000) → CHC (1 per ~80,000–120,000) → District Hospital.

National Health Mission (NHM) has two sub-missions: NRHM (rural) and NUHM (urban); launched 2005 as NRHM, renamed NHM in 2013.

Ayushman Bharat has two pillars: Health and Wellness Centres (now Ayushman Arogya Mandir) for primary care, and PM-JAY insurance cover of ₹5 lakh per family per year.

Health team roles: physician diagnoses and prescribes; nurse delivers and coordinates care; ANM/GNM provide maternal and child services; ASHA is a community link worker; pharmacist dispenses.

Assam-specific: Assam has a state medical college network including GMCH Guwahati, AMCH Dibrugarh, SMCH Silchar; district hospitals act as referral hubs under NHM Assam.

Health indicators: Infant Mortality Rate (deaths under 1 year per 1,000 live births), Maternal Mortality Ratio (per 100,000 live births), life expectancy at birth.

Hand hygiene: wash with soap and water for at least 40–60 seconds; alcohol-based hand rub for 20–30 seconds when hands are not visibly soiled.

WHO 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene: before touching a patient, before clean/aseptic procedure, after body fluid exposure risk, after touching a patient, after touching patient surroundings.

Bathing removes sebum, sweat and microbes; daily bathing is standard, with bed baths for immobile patients using warm water and drying skin folds thoroughly.

Oral care: brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste; unconscious patients need assisted oral cleaning to prevent aspiration and stomatitis.

Nails should be kept short and clean; long nails harbour pathogens and are a common source of cross-infection in clinical settings.

Menstrual hygiene: change sanitary absorbent every 4–6 hours; dispose wrapped, never flush; wash genital area with plain water from front to back.

Foot hygiene: dry between toes to prevent tinea pedis; diabetic patients inspect feet daily for cuts, blisters and calluses.

Hair and scalp care: regular washing controls oil and lice; comb-sharing spreads pediculosis, so personal combs should not be shared.

Chain of infection: infectious agent → reservoir → portal of exit → mode of transmission → portal of entry → susceptible host; breaking any link prevents transmission.

Standard precautions apply to all patients regardless of diagnosis: hand hygiene, gloves, gown, mask, eye protection, safe sharps handling, and safe waste disposal.

Biomedical waste colour coding (India, BMW Rules 2016): yellow = infectious/human anatomical waste; red = contaminated recyclable plastics; white = sharps; blue = glassware and metallic implants.

Needle-stick injury first aid: wash with soap and water, do not squeeze or scrub, apply antiseptic, report immediately and follow post-exposure prophylaxis protocol.

Spill management: absorb with paper, cover with disinfectant (e.g., 1% sodium hypochlorite) for the contact time, then clean; never dry-sweep infectious spills.

Fire safety: PASS = Pull the pin, Aim at the base, Squeeze the handle, Sweep side to side; RACE = Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish/Evacuate.

Patient safety: identify patients with two identifiers, use side rails and call bells for fall risk, and follow the 5 rights of medication administration.

Sterilisation vs disinfection: sterilisation kills all microorganisms including spores (autoclave 121°C, 15 psi, 15–20 min); disinfection reduces pathogens but may not kill spores.

Anatomical position: standing erect, face forward, arms at sides with palms forward; terms like medial/lateral, proximal/distal, anterior/posterior assume this position.

Body planes: sagittal divides left and right, coronal (frontal) divides front and back, transverse divides upper and lower.

Organ systems to know: skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, nervous, endocrine, reproductive, integumentary, lymphatic and immune.

Vital sign normal ranges (adult): temperature 36.1–37.2°C oral, pulse 60–100/min, respiration 12–20/min, blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, SpO₂ ≥95%.

Prefixes: tachy- fast, brady- slow, hyper- above, hypo- below, poly- many, dys- difficult, a-/an- without; e.g., tachycardia, bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension.

Suffixes: -itis inflammation, -ectomy removal, -otomy incision, -ostomy opening, -algia pain, -emia blood condition, -uria urine condition, -plegia paralysis.

Root words: cardi(o) heart, pulmon(o) lung, nephr(o) kidney, hepat(o) liver, gastr(o) stomach, oste(o) bone, derm(o) skin, neur(o) nerve, hemat(o) blood.

Directional and positional terms: supine = lying on back; prone = lying on abdomen; prone position is used in ARDS and for some spinal procedures.

DRABC sequence: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation - assess before acting; call emergency services (108 in India, 112 unified) early.

Adult CPR: compressions 5–6 cm deep at 100–120/min, 30 compressions to 2 breaths, hand position on lower half of sternum; use AED as soon as available.

Choking adult: encourage coughing; if ineffective, give 5 back blows between shoulder blades, then 5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich), alternating until relief.

Severe bleeding: apply direct pressure with a clean cloth, elevate the limb, and apply a tourniquet only for life-threatening limb bleeding; note the time applied.

Burns: cool with running water for 20 minutes, remove jewellery and loose clothing, cover with a clean non-adherent dressing; do not apply ice, oil or toothpaste.

Fracture and sprain: immobilise with a splint including the joints above and below; use RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) for soft tissue injury.

Recovery position for an unconscious but breathing casualty: roll onto the side, tilt the head back, ensure the airway is open and monitor breathing until help arrives.

Snakebite and poisoning: immobilise the bitten limb below heart level, do not cut or suck the wound; for poisoning, do not induce vomiting if the substance is corrosive.

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs): bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, feeding, continence; Instrumental ADLs include shopping, cooking, managing money and medicines.

Positioning: change position every 2 hours for bedridden patients to prevent pressure ulcers; use 30° lateral tilt and keep heels and sacrum pressure-free.

Pressure ulcer staging (NPUAP): Stage 1 non-blanchable redness; Stage 2 partial-thickness skin loss; Stage 3 full-thickness with visible fat; Stage 4 exposed bone, tendon or muscle.

Bed bath sequence: prepare equipment, maintain privacy, wash face first, then arms, chest, abdomen, legs, back and perineum last; change water and dry skin folds.

Range of motion: passive ROM is performed by the caregiver when the patient cannot move independently; stop if pain occurs and support the joint throughout.

Bedpan and urinal use: provide privacy, position safely, clean from front to back, record intake and output, and report changes in colour or odour.

Intake-output charting: record all oral, IV and tube feeds as intake; urine, vomit, stool and drain output as output; report urine output below 30 mL/hour.

Fall prevention: keep bed in low position, brakes locked, call bell within reach, adequate lighting, non-slip footwear, and assist toileting regularly.

Macronutrients: carbohydrates 4 kcal/g, protein 4 kcal/g, fat 9 kcal/g; water provides no calories but is essential for hydration.

Balanced diet components: cereals and millets, pulses and legumes, vegetables, fruits, milk and dairy, fats and oils, and adequate water; limit sugar, salt and ultra-processed foods.

Therapeutic diets: diabetic (low simple sugar, high fibre, regular timing), renal (low protein, sodium and potassium), cardiac (low saturated fat and salt), soft and liquid diets for dysphagia.

Malnutrition screening: use weight-for-age and MUAC for children; undernutrition signs include wasting, stunting and oedema; obesity is BMI ≥30 kg/m² in adults.

Deficiency diseases: vitamin A → night blindness; vitamin D → rickets/osteomalacia; iron → anaemia; iodine → goitre; vitamin C → scurvy; thiamine → beriberi.

Anaemia prevention in India: iron-folic acid supplementation, deworming, and the Anemia Mukt Bharat initiative target children, adolescents and pregnant women.

Food safety: wash hands and produce, cook meat thoroughly, separate raw and cooked food, store perishables below 5°C, and boil drinking water when unsafe.

Health promotion: exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, complementary feeding from 6 months, immunisation per national schedule, and avoidance of tobacco and alcohol.

Communication cycle: sender → message → channel → receiver → feedback; noise is any interference; feedback confirms the message was understood.

Active listening techniques: maintain eye contact, nod, paraphrase, ask open questions, avoid interrupting, and summarise at the end of the conversation.

Therapeutic communication: use open-ended questions, reflection, silence and empathy; avoid false reassurance, judging, giving advice and changing the subject.

Barriers to communication: language differences, hearing or vision loss, pain, anxiety, cultural taboos, and jargon; use interpreters, simple words and visual aids.

Professional behaviour: introduce yourself, address the patient respectfully, maintain confidentiality, obtain consent, and respect dignity and privacy.

Empathy vs sympathy: empathy understands and shares the patient's feelings from their perspective; sympathy expresses pity, which can distance the patient.

Conflict resolution: identify the issue, listen to both sides, focus on the problem not the person, agree on a solution and follow up.

Documentation: record objectively, factually and legibly, with date, time and signature; never alter records retrospectively, as this is a legal and ethical breach.

Employability skills include communication, teamwork, problem solving, time management, digital literacy, customer service and workplace safety awareness.

CV essentials: personal details, objective, education, skills, experience and references; keep it one to two pages, error-free and tailored to the job.

Interview preparation: research the employer, prepare examples using the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result), dress appropriately, and ask relevant questions.

Entrepreneurship basics: identify a need, validate with market research, prepare a business plan, arrange finance, register the business, and market the product or service.

Business plan components: executive summary, description of the venture, market analysis, operations, marketing strategy, financial projections and risk assessment.

Small health enterprise examples: home care services, pharmacy, physiotherapy clinic, diagnostic collection centre, health food outlet, medical equipment rental.

Government support schemes: MSME registration (Udyam), MUDRA loans, Startup India, and skill development schemes such as PMKVY for vocational training.

Digital tools for employability: email etiquette, online job portals, digital payment systems, and basic use of spreadsheets for record keeping.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.

Practical assessment typically includes hand hygiene, vital signs measurement, bed making, patient positioning, first aid and record keeping; each skill has a checklist of steps.

Vital signs measurement: pulse counted for 60 seconds at radial artery; blood pressure measured with cuff at heart level and arm supported; respiration counted unobtrusively.

Field visit to a PHC/CHC/district hospital should record services available, staffing, infrastructure, patient flow, waste management and health education activities.

Project report structure: title, objectives, methodology, observations, analysis, conclusion and references; include photographs, charts and signed attendance.

Observation record: note date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections; avoid personal identifying data of patients in any report.

Infection control in practicals: perform hand hygiene before and after every procedure, use gloves for body fluid contact, and dispose sharps in puncture-proof containers.

Assessment criteria often include preparation, procedure accuracy, safety, communication with patient, infection control and documentation.

Ethics in fieldwork: obtain permission before entering a ward, do not photograph patients without consent, and maintain confidentiality in all written work.