Assam ASSEB HSLC NSQF Health Care flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Health (WHO definition)

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. This definition guides all levels of health care planning and promotion.

Primary health care

First point of contact with the health system, providing promotive, preventive and curative basic services. In India it is delivered through sub-centres, PHCs and Ayushman Arogya Mandirs.

ASHA worker

Accredited Social Health Activist, a trained female community health worker who links households to the public health system, promotes immunisation and accompanies pregnant women to facilities.

Hand hygiene duration

Wash with soap and water for at least 40 to 60 seconds. Use alcohol-based hand rub for 20 to 30 seconds when hands are not visibly soiled.

Five moments of hand hygiene

Before touching a patient, before a clean procedure, after body fluid exposure risk, after touching a patient, and after touching patient surroundings. These are WHO standard moments.

Pediculosis prevention

Infestation with head lice spread by shared combs, hats and bedding. Wash hair regularly, avoid sharing personal items, and treat contacts to prevent reinfestation.

Chain of infection

Six links: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry and susceptible host. Breaking any single link prevents transmission.

Standard precautions

Infection control measures applied to all patients regardless of diagnosis, including hand hygiene, gloves, gown, mask, eye protection, safe sharps handling and waste disposal.

Biomedical waste colour coding

Yellow for infectious and anatomical waste, red for contaminated recyclable plastics, white for sharps, and blue for glassware and metallic implants under Indian rules.

Autoclave sterilisation parameters

Steam sterilisation at 121 degrees Celsius and 15 psi pressure for 15 to 20 minutes kills all microorganisms including bacterial spores, unlike simple disinfection.

Anatomical position

Standing erect, face forward, arms at the sides with palms facing forward. Directional terms such as medial, lateral, proximal and distal assume this reference position.

Tachycardia and bradycardia

Tachycardia is a resting heart rate above 100 beats per minute; bradycardia is below 60 per minute. Both are described using the prefix tachy- or brady- with cardia.

Suffix -ectomy

A surgical suffix meaning removal of a structure, as in appendectomy or hysterectomy. It differs from -otomy, which means an incision into a structure.

Normal adult vital signs

Temperature 36.1 to 37.2 Celsius, pulse 60 to 100 per minute, respiration 12 to 20 per minute, blood pressure around 120 over 80 mmHg, and oxygen saturation 95 percent or above.

Adult CPR compression rate

Compress the lower half of the sternum 5 to 6 centimetres deep at 100 to 120 per minute, giving 30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths until help or an AED arrives.

Choking first aid sequence

Encourage coughing first. If ineffective, deliver 5 back blows between the shoulder blades, then 5 abdominal thrusts, alternating until the obstruction clears or the person becomes unresponsive.

Burn first aid

Cool the burn with running water for 20 minutes, remove jewellery and loose clothing, and cover with a clean non-adherent dressing. Never apply ice, oil or toothpaste.

Recovery position

Roll an unconscious but breathing casualty onto the side with the head tilted back to keep the airway open. Monitor breathing continuously until emergency help arrives.

Pressure ulcer prevention

Reposition bedridden patients at least every 2 hours, keep skin clean and dry, use a 30-degree lateral tilt, and relieve pressure from the sacrum and heels.

Activities of daily living

Basic self-care tasks such as bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, feeding and continence. Instrumental activities include shopping, cooking, managing money and medicines.

Intake and output charting

Record all oral, intravenous and tube fluids as intake, and urine, vomit, stool and drain fluid as output. Report urine output below 30 millilitres per hour.

Pressure ulcer stage 1

Intact skin with non-blanchable redness over a bony prominence. It is the earliest stage and is reversible with prompt pressure relief and skin care.

Energy value of macronutrients

Carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kilocalories per gram, while fats provide 9 kilocalories per gram. Water supplies no energy but is essential for hydration.

Night blindness

Inability to see well in dim light caused by vitamin A deficiency. Prevention includes dietary vitamin A, supplementation and food fortification programmes.

Therapeutic renal diet

A diet restricting protein, sodium, potassium and fluid for patients with kidney disease. It aims to reduce waste accumulation and fluid overload until dialysis is required.

Exclusive breastfeeding

Giving only breast milk, with no water or other food, for the first six months of life. Complementary feeding begins at six months alongside continued breastfeeding.

Active listening

Fully concentrating on the speaker, maintaining eye contact, nodding, paraphrasing and asking open questions without interrupting. It confirms understanding and builds trust with patients.

Therapeutic communication

Purposeful communication that promotes patient understanding and comfort, using open questions, reflection, empathy and silence, while avoiding false reassurance and judgemental remarks.

Empathy versus sympathy

Empathy understands the patient's feelings from their perspective and communicates that understanding. Sympathy expresses pity and can create emotional distance from the patient.

STAR interview method

A structured way to answer interview questions by describing the Situation, Task, Action taken and Result achieved. It gives concrete, credible evidence of employability skills.

Udyam registration

The Indian government online registration for micro, small and medium enterprises. It provides access to credit schemes, subsidies and tenders for small health-related businesses.

Field visit observation record

A written account of date, place, persons met, services observed and reflections during a health facility visit. It must exclude patient identifying details.