Assam ASSEB HSLC NSQF IT/ITeS (Level 2) key terms

Business services delivered with heavy use of computers and telecommunications, such as data entry, call handling, payroll processing and medical transcription, often for clients in another country.

An arrangement where a company hands over a routine back-office or front-office process, such as billing or customer support, to an outside provider that runs it with its own staff and systems.

Outsourcing of work that needs specialist judgement or analysis, such as research, legal review, animation or financial modelling, rather than simple repetitive processing tasks.

The sequence of jobs and roles a person moves through over time, each adding skills and responsibility, for example from data entry operator to team leader to process manager.

A defined set of duties, responsibilities and required competencies that a worker performs in a particular position within an organisation or industry sector.

A national system that arranges qualifications by level, from entry level upwards, so that skills gained in school, training centres or workplaces can be compared and recognised consistently.

Hardware used to send data or commands into a computer, such as a keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone or touchscreen, converting human actions into signals the machine can process.

Hardware that presents processed results from a computer to the user, for example a monitor, printer, speaker or projector, converting internal signals into visible, audible or printed form.

Any device connected to the main computer unit to add a function, including printers, scanners, webcams and external drives; it may be internal or attach through a cable or wireless link.

Volatile working memory that holds programs and data currently in use; its contents vanish when power is switched off, and larger capacity generally allows more applications to run smoothly.

Non-volatile memory holding firmware such as the startup instructions a computer needs before the operating system loads; its contents are normally preserved when power is removed.

Hardware that keeps data permanently or semi-permanently, such as a hard disk, solid-state drive, pen drive or memory card, retaining files even when the computer is switched off.

System software that manages hardware, memory, files and running programs and provides the interface through which users and applications interact with the computer.

A visual way of operating a computer using windows, icons, menus and a pointer, allowing users to click items instead of typing text commands.

The short suffix after the dot in a file name, such as .docx or .jpg, which tells the operating system and applications what kind of content the file holds.

The address showing where a file or folder sits on a storage drive, listing the drive and each folder in order, for example C:\Users\Student\Documents\report.docx.

A named container inside a file system used to group related files and sub-folders so that stored material stays organised and easy to locate.

The startup sequence in which a computer runs self-checks and loads the operating system into memory so that it becomes ready for the user to work on.

A word processor feature that automatically moves text to the next line when the current line is full, so the user does not press Enter at the end of every line.

The horizontal positioning of text within its margins, commonly left, centre, right or justified, controlling how the edges of a paragraph line up.

A word processing function that combines one main document with a list of records to produce many personalised copies, such as letters or certificates addressed to different people.

A pre-designed document with fixed layout, styles and placeholder text that a user fills in, saving time and keeping a consistent appearance across documents.

The address of a spreadsheet cell formed from its column letter and row number, such as B7, used in formulas to point to the data being calculated.

An instruction typed into a spreadsheet cell, beginning with an equals sign, that performs a calculation on values or cell references and displays the result.

A ready-made spreadsheet operation such as SUM, AVERAGE, MAX or COUNT that takes supplied values or ranges and returns a calculated result without the user writing the full logic.

A rectangular block of adjacent spreadsheet cells identified by its corner addresses, for example A1:C10, treated as one unit in formulas, formatting or chart creation.

A visual representation of spreadsheet data, such as a bar, pie or line chart, that makes patterns, comparisons and trends easier to see than raw numbers alone.

The controlling layout in presentation software that stores fonts, colours, logos and placeholder positions so that every slide in a presentation keeps a consistent design.

The visual effect applied when moving from one presentation slide to the next, distinct from animation, which controls how objects move within a single slide.

Accepted manners for online communication, including clear subject lines, avoiding all-capitals text, respecting privacy, and not forwarding others' messages without permission.

The complete web address of a resource, showing the protocol, domain name and optional path, for example https://example.com/students/admission.html.

Application software that requests web pages from servers and displays them, interpreting HTML and related code so users can read content and follow links.

An online service that indexes web pages and returns a ranked list of results matching the words or phrases a user types into its search box.

A file sent along with an email message, such as a document, image or spreadsheet; large attachments may be blocked, so file size limits should be checked first.

A fraud in which a message, call or fake website tricks a person into revealing passwords, card numbers or other private data by pretending to be a trusted organisation.

Unrequested bulk messages sent to many recipients, usually advertising or attempting fraud; filtering tools and reporting options help keep such mail out of the inbox.

A password long enough and mixed enough in upper-case letters, lower-case letters, digits and symbols to resist guessing, kept private and different for each important account.

A login method requiring two separate proofs of identity, typically a password plus a one-time code sent to a phone, so a stolen password alone is not enough to enter.

A written contract between a service provider and a client that sets measurable targets such as response time, uptime and resolution deadlines, along with penalties for missing them.

The total time taken from receiving a request or task until the finished output is delivered back, a common performance measure in IT-enabled service operations.

The formal step of passing a problem to a more senior person or team when it cannot be solved at the current level or when a deadline or policy limit is reached.

Paying full attention to a speaker, noting key facts, avoiding interruption and confirming understanding by summarising or asking clarifying questions before responding.

The ability to recognise and acknowledge another person's feelings and viewpoint, and to respond in a way that shows respect and understanding without necessarily agreeing.

The degree to which a customer's expectations are met or exceeded by a product or service, often tracked through surveys, feedback scores and repeat business.

The process of spotting an opportunity, arranging resources and taking financial risk to start and run a venture that delivers value to customers.

A written document describing a venture's idea, target customers, market analysis, operations, staffing and financial projections, used to guide decisions and attract funding.

A transferable capability that helps a person get and keep work, such as communication, teamwork, problem solving, time management, digital literacy and willingness to learn.

A structured collection of information from potential customers or competitors, through questionnaires, interviews or observation, to test demand before launching or changing a product.

An organised collection of a learner's finished work, such as documents, spreadsheets, presentations and project reports, used to demonstrate skills and progress to assessors or employers.

A written account of a practical project covering its aim, methods, tools used, results, difficulties faced and conclusions, submitted as evidence of completed work.

A duplicate copy of important files or data kept on a separate drive or location so that information can be restored if originals are lost, damaged or corrupted.