Assam ASSEB HSLC Class 10 Social Science flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Indian National Congress founding

Founded in December 1885 in Bombay with W.C. Bonnerjee as first president; A.O. Hume played a key role in its formation as a national political platform.

Partition of Bengal

Announced in 1905 under Lord Curzon and annulled in 1911; it sparked the Swadeshi and boycott movement against British goods across India.

Jallianwala Bagh massacre

On 13 April 1919 at Amritsar, General Dyer ordered firing on an unarmed gathering; the event intensified nationalist anger and led Tagore to renounce his knighthood.

Dandi March

Gandhi marched from Sabarmati to Dandi between 12 March and 6 April 1930 to break the salt law, beginning the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Quit India Movement

Launched on 8 August 1942 at Gowalia Tank, Bombay, with the slogan 'Do or Die'; it demanded an immediate end to British rule in India.

Standard Meridian of India

82°30'E, passing near Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh; it fixes Indian Standard Time as GMT plus five hours thirty minutes for the whole country.

Bhabar and Terai

Bhabar is a porous pebbly belt where Himalayan rivers disappear underground; Terai is the marshy, moist belt just south where streams re-emerge.

Khadar and Bhangar

Khadar is newer, fertile floodplain alluvium renewed by annual floods; Bhangar is older alluvium on higher ground containing lime nodules called kankar.

Black regur soil

Dark, clayey soil of the Deccan lava region that retains moisture well and is especially suited to cotton; it is also called black cotton soil.

Retreating monsoon

The north-east monsoon from October to December, when winds reverse and bring rainfall mainly to the Coromandel coast including Tamil Nadu.

Population density formula

Population density equals total population divided by total land area, expressed as the number of persons living per square kilometre of territory.

Seventh Schedule

Constitutional list dividing powers into Union, State and Concurrent Lists; residuary subjects not listed fall to the Union Parliament under Article 248.

Article 32

Guarantees the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights; Dr. Ambedkar called it the heart and soul of the Constitution.

Directive Principles

Part IV, Articles 36 to 51, sets social and economic goals for state policy; these principles are not enforceable in courts but guide governance.

Money Bill

A bill dealing only with taxation or government spending, introduced only in the Lok Sabha; the Rajya Sabha may retain it at most 14 days and cannot amend it.

73rd Amendment Act

Passed in 1992, it gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions and provided for a three-tier structure with reserved seats for women and marginalised groups.

President's election method

The President is elected indirectly by an electoral college of elected MPs and elected MLAs, using proportional representation with a single transferable vote and secret ballot.

Gross Domestic Product

The market value of all final goods and services produced within a country's domestic territory during a given year, regardless of producer nationality.

Per capita income

National income divided by total population; it gives average income per person but hides inequality in its distribution across households.

Human Development Index

A composite measure combining life expectancy at birth, schooling years, and gross national income per capita at purchasing power parity.

Disguised unemployment

A situation where more people work on a job than are needed, so removing some workers does not reduce output; common in family agriculture.

Functions of money

Money acts as a medium of exchange, a measure of value, a store of value, and a standard for deferred payments in an economy.

Inflation

A sustained rise in the general price level of goods and services, which erodes purchasing power and hurts fixed-income earners most.

Brahmaputra in Assam

The river enters Assam at Sadiya and flows west to Bangladesh; tributaries include Subansiri and Manas, and the Barak drains southern Assam.

Ahom kingdom

Founded by Sukapha in 1228, the Ahom dynasty ruled Assam for about six centuries until the Treaty of Yandabo in 1826.

Battle of Saraighat

Fought in 1671 on the Brahmaputra, Ahom forces led by Lachit Borphukan defeated the Mughal army under Ram Singh, halting Mughal expansion into Assam.

Assam tea industry

The first tea garden was set up at Chabua in 1837 and the Assam Tea Company formed in 1839; tea remains a major export earner.

Kaziranga National Park

A protected area in Golaghat and Nagaon districts famous for the greater one-horned rhinoceros; it is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Bihu festivals

Assam's main festivals are Bohag Bihu in April (New Year), Kati Bihu in October and Magh Bihu in January, linked to the agricultural cycle.

Disaster management cycle

A recurring sequence of mitigation and prevention, preparedness, response and relief, and recovery and rehabilitation before the next hazard event.

Assam Seismic Zone

Assam lies in Seismic Zone V, the highest-risk category; the 1897 and 1950 earthquakes caused severe damage across the Brahmaputra valley.

Sustainable development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, as defined in 1987.