Bihar B.Ed CET cheat sheet

Bihar B.Ed CET is conducted by the Bihar School Examination Board (BSEB); the exam has two papers of 120 objective questions each, with no negative marking.

Bihar's state symbols: State Animal – Gaur (bison); State Bird – House Sparrow; State Tree – Peepal; State Flower – Kachnar (orchid tree).

Bihar's founding date is 22 March 1912 (as a province under the British); Bihar Diwas is celebrated every year on 22 March.

Nalanda, Vikramshila and Odantapuri were ancient Buddhist mahaviharas located in present-day Bihar; Nalanda was founded under the Gupta rulers.

Bihar's major rivers: Ganga (main), Gandak, Kosi ('Sorrow of Bihar'), Son, Bagmati, Ghaghara and Punpun.

Constitutional articles to remember: Article 21A (Right to Education, inserted by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002); Article 45 (early childhood care); Article 51A(k) (parental duty).

Key education bodies: NCERT (curriculum/research), NCTE (teacher education regulation), UGC (higher education), SCERT Bihar (state-level school curriculum).

National education milestones: Kothari Commission (1964-66), NPE 1986, RTE Act 2009 (effective 1 April 2010), NEP 2020 replacing the 1986 policy.

Piaget's stages: sensorimotor (0-2), preoperational (2-7), concrete operational (7-11), formal operational (11+); learning follows assimilation, accommodation and equilibration.

Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development is the gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can do with guidance; scaffolding is temporary support within that zone.

Kohlberg's moral development: pre-conventional (obedience, self-interest), conventional (good boy, law and order), post-conventional (social contract, universal principles).

Bloom's revised taxonomy order: Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyse, Evaluate, Create - lower-order to higher-order thinking.

Erikson's psychosocial stages relevant to schooling: industry vs inferiority (6-12 years) and identity vs role confusion (adolescence).

Classical conditioning (Pavlov) pairs a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus; operant conditioning (Skinner) strengthens behaviour through reinforcement schedules.

Inclusive education principle: adapt the curriculum and environment to the learner, not the learner to a fixed curriculum; RTE mandates free and compulsory education for ages 6-14.

Formative assessment is ongoing and diagnostic; summative assessment is end-of-course and judgemental; CCE (Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation) combines both.

Alphabet positions: A=1 to Z=26; EJOTY mnemonic gives 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 for E, J, O, T, Y; reverse position = 27 minus forward position.

Syllogism: 'All A are B' converts to 'Some B are A'; 'No A is B' converts to 'No B is A'; 'Some A are B' converts to 'Some B are A'.

Blood relations: draw a family tree with symbols (+ male, - female, = spouse, vertical line for children) before answering.

Direction sense: use a compass sketch; final displacement = square root of (net east-west squared plus net north-south squared) when the path is at right angles.

Coding-decoding: check for shifts in alphabet position (plus or minus n), reversal of letters, or position-based substitution before assuming a complex rule.

Series completion: test differences, then ratios, then alternating or interleaved series; prime numbers, squares and cubes are common patterns.

Statement-assumption: an assumption is what the speaker takes for granted; a valid assumption is necessary for the statement to make sense.

Odd-one-out and analogy: identify the relation type first (part-whole, cause-effect, synonym, worker-tool) and apply it to the options.

Percentage change: increase then same decrease of x% gives net change of -(x squared divided by 100)%; successive changes use a+b+ab/100.

Profit and loss: SP = CP times (100 + profit%)/100; when two articles are sold at the same price with equal gain% and loss%, there is always a net loss.

Simple interest = P x R x T / 100; Compound interest = P[(1 + R/100)^T - 1]; for 2 years CI - SI = P(R/100)^2.

Time and work: if A does a job in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x+y) days; use LCM of days as total work units.

Speed: distance = speed x time; to convert km/h to m/s multiply by 5/18; relative speed adds for opposite directions and subtracts for the same direction.

Average = sum of observations / number of observations; if each value is increased by k, the average increases by k.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d then ad = bc; to divide a sum in ratio a:b:c, use parts equal to a+b+c.

Mensuration: area of circle = pi r squared; circumference = 2 pi r; volume of cylinder = pi r squared h; volume of sphere = 4/3 pi r cubed.

Subject-verb agreement: a singular subject takes a singular verb; 'each, every, either, neither, everyone' are singular; 'none' may be singular or plural by sense.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for unique or already-specified nouns.

Tenses: present perfect uses has/have + past participle for past action with present relevance; past perfect uses had + participle for the earlier of two past actions.

Prepositions of time: 'in' for months/years, 'on' for days/dates, 'at' for clock times; 'since' with a point in time, 'for' with a duration.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle, subject moves to a by-phrase (e.g., 'She wrote the letter' becomes 'The letter was written by her').

Direct to indirect speech: shift tense back one step and change pronouns and time words (now becomes then, today becomes that day, tomorrow becomes the next day).

Common confusions: affect (verb) vs effect (noun); its (possessive) vs it's (it is); principal (main/head) vs principle (rule).

Reading comprehension strategy: read the questions first, then skim for the topic sentence in each paragraph and scan for keywords and synonyms.

वर्ण विचार: स्वर 11, व्यंजन 33; स्वर के भेद - ह्रस्व, दीर्घ, प्लुत; व्यंजन के भेद - स्पर्श, अंतःस्थ, ऊष्म।

संधि: स्वर संधि (दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण, अयादि), व्यंजन संधि तथा विसर्ग संधि - जैसे विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय (दीर्घ संधि)।

समास के भेद: तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, बहुव्रीहि, अव्ययीभाव - जैसे राजपुत्र = तत्पुरुष, नीलकमल = कर्मधारय।

उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय: उपसर्ग शब्द के आरम्भ में जुड़ता है (प्र + हार = प्रहार), प्रत्यय अंत में (लड़क + पन = लड़कपन)।

संज्ञा के भेद: व्यक्तिवाचक, जातिवाचक, भाववाचक, समूहवाचक, द्रव्यवाचक; सर्वनाम के भेद: पुरुषवाचक, निजवाचक, संबंधवाचक, प्रश्नवाचक, अनिश्चयवाचक।

काल के तीन भेद: वर्तमान, भूत, भविष्यत्; प्रत्येक के चार उपभेद - सामान्य, अपूर्ण, पूर्ण, संदिग्ध।

अलंकार: अनुप्रास (वर्ण की आवृत्ति), उपमा (समानता), रूपक (अभेद आरोप), यमक (शब्द की आवृत्ति, अर्थ भिन्न)।

मुहावरे और लोकोक्तियाँ अर्थ सहित याद करें; अपठित गद्यांश में मुख्य भाव पहले पहचानें, फिर प्रश्नों के विकल्प मिलाएँ।