Bihar B.Ed CET flashcards
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- Bihar Diwas date
- Bihar Diwas is observed on 22 March each year, marking the creation of the province of Bihar in 1912 during British rule.
- Article 21A
- Article 21A, inserted by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act 2002, makes free and compulsory education a fundamental right for children aged 6 to 14 years.
- Kosi River nickname
- The Kosi is called the 'Sorrow of Bihar' because of its frequent course changes and devastating floods in north Bihar.
- NEP 2020
- The National Education Policy 2020 replaced the 1986 policy and introduced the 5+3+3+4 school structure covering ages 3 to 18.
- NCTE full form
- National Council for Teacher Education, a statutory body that regulates teacher education programmes and sets norms for B.Ed and other courses in India.
- Piaget formal operational stage
- The fourth Piagetian stage, from about age 11 onward, when learners handle abstract concepts, hypothetical reasoning and systematic problem-solving without concrete objects.
- Zone of Proximal Development
- Vygotsky's term for the gap between what a learner can do independently and what the learner can achieve with guidance from a more capable person.
- Bloom's taxonomy order
- The revised taxonomy arranges cognitive objectives as Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyse, Evaluate and Create, moving from lower-order to higher-order thinking.
- Formative assessment
- Assessment conducted during teaching to diagnose learning gaps and guide instruction; it is continuous and feedback-oriented rather than used for final grading.
- Operant conditioning
- Skinner's principle that behaviour is strengthened or weakened by its consequences, using reinforcement and punishment schedules rather than paired stimuli.
- Inclusive education
- An approach where schools adapt curriculum, infrastructure and teaching methods so that children with diverse needs learn together in regular classrooms.
- Kohlberg conventional level
- The second level of moral reasoning, where right and wrong are judged by social approval, family expectations and maintaining law and order.
- Syllogism conversion rule
- In categorical logic, 'All A are B' converts to 'Some B are A', while 'No A is B' converts to 'No B is A'; 'Some' statements convert simply.
- EJOTY mnemonic
- A memory aid giving alphabet positions E=5, J=10, O=15, T=20, Y=25, used to quickly locate letters in reasoning and coding questions.
- Blood relation notation
- A standard diagram convention using plus for male, minus for female, equals for spouse and vertical lines for parent-child links to solve family puzzles.
- Statement and assumption
- A reasoning item where an assumption is an unstated premise the speaker takes for granted; a valid assumption is necessary for the statement to hold.
- Direction sense displacement
- For right-angled movement, net displacement equals the square root of the sum of squares of net east-west and net north-south distances.
- Successive percentage change
- Two successive changes of a% and b% produce a net change of a + b + ab/100 percent, with signs applied for increase or decrease.
- Simple interest formula
- Simple interest equals principal multiplied by rate multiplied by time, divided by 100; it is computed only on the original principal.
- Compound interest two years
- For two years, compound interest minus simple interest equals principal times the square of rate divided by 100.
- Work together formula
- If A finishes a job in x days and B in y days, working together they finish it in xy divided by (x + y) days.
- km/h to m/s
- To convert kilometres per hour into metres per second, multiply by 5/18; to reverse the conversion, multiply by 18/5.
- Relative speed rule
- When two bodies move in opposite directions their relative speed is the sum of speeds; when moving in the same direction it is the difference.
- Sphere volume
- The volume of a sphere is four-thirds of pi multiplied by the cube of its radius; surface area is four pi r squared.
- Subject-verb agreement rule
- Singular subjects take singular verbs; words such as each, every, either and neither are grammatically singular even when they refer to several people.
- Article use with vowels
- Use 'an' before vowel sounds and 'a' before consonant sounds, so 'an hour' and 'a university' follow sound, not spelling.
- Present perfect tense
- Formed with has or have plus the past participle, it expresses a past action whose result or relevance continues into the present.
- Passive voice formation
- The object becomes the subject, the verb becomes a form of be plus the past participle, and the original subject appears in a by-phrase.
- Affect versus effect
- 'Affect' is usually a verb meaning to influence; 'effect' is usually a noun meaning a result or outcome.
- संधि क्या है
- दो वर्णों के मेल से होने वाले परिवर्तन को संधि कहते हैं; इसके मुख्य भेद स्वर संधि, व्यंजन संधि और विसर्ग संधि हैं।
- तत्पुरुष समास
- जिस समास में उत्तर पद प्रधान हो और पूर्व पद कारक चिह्न के साथ लुप्त हो, उसे तत्पुरुष समास कहते हैं, जैसे राजपुत्र।
- अनुप्रास अलंकार
- जहाँ एक ही वर्ण की आवृत्ति एक से अधिक बार होती है, वहाँ अनुप्रास अलंकार होता है; यह शब्दों के मधुर ध्वनि-प्रभाव के लिए प्रयुक्त होता है।