Bihar D.El.Ed flashcards
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- Bihar Diwas date
- Bihar Diwas is observed every year on 22 March; it commemorates the 1912 separation of Bihar from the Bengal Presidency during British rule.
- Kosi River nickname
- The Kosi, a Himalayan river flowing through north Bihar, is called the 'Sorrow of Bihar' because of frequent devastating floods caused by its shifting course.
- First Chief Minister of Bihar
- Shri Krishna Singh, popularly known as Sri Babu, was the first Chief Minister of Bihar after Independence and held office from 1946 until his death in 1961.
- Nalanda Mahavihara
- Nalanda, in present-day Bihar, was a celebrated ancient Buddhist monastic university that drew students from across Asia and flourished roughly from the 5th to 12th century CE.
- RTE Act age range
- The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 guarantees free and compulsory elementary education to every child aged six to fourteen years in India.
- NEP 2020 spending target
- The National Education Policy 2020 replaced the 1986 policy and sets a target of raising public investment in education to six percent of GDP.
- दीर्घ संधि
- जब संधि करते समय दोनों वर्णों के स्थान पर एक दीर्घ स्वर आ जाए तो उसे दीर्घ संधि कहते हैं; जैसे विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय।
- बहुव्रीहि समास
- जिस समास में कोई पद प्रधान न होकर दोनों पद मिलकर किसी तीसरे अर्थ का बोध कराएँ, वह बहुव्रीहि समास है; जैसे दशानन अर्थात दस सिर वाला।
- चौपाई छंद
- चौपाई एक मात्रिक छंद है जिसके प्रत्येक चरण में सोलह मात्राएँ होती हैं और चारों चरण समान होते हैं; तुलसीदास ने रामचरितमानस में इसका प्रयोग किया।
- कारक के भेद
- हिंदी में आठ कारक हैं-कर्ता, कर्म, करण, संप्रदान, अपादान, संबंध, अधिकरण और संबोधन; इनके विभक्ति चिह्न क्रमशः ने, को, से, के लिए, से, का/की/के, में/पर तथा हे/अरे हैं।
- रस के प्रकार
- हिंदी काव्य में नौ रस माने गए हैं-श्रृंगार, हास्य, करुण, रौद्र, वीर, भयानक, बीभत्स, अद्भुत और शांत; वात्सल्य को श्रृंगार रस का ही अंग माना जाता है।
- Article a versus an
- Use 'a' before a consonant sound and 'an' before a vowel sound, decided by pronunciation rather than spelling: 'a university' but 'an hour'.
- Subject-verb agreement rule
- A verb agrees with its subject in number and person; in 'one of the boys is absent', the singular verb follows 'one', not the plural noun 'boys'.
- Active to passive voice
- In the passive, the object becomes the subject and the verb becomes a form of 'be' plus the past participle: 'She writes a letter' becomes 'A letter is written by her'.
- Direct to indirect speech
- Reported speech shifts the tense one step back and changes pronouns and time words: 'I am tired,' he said becomes he said that he was tired.
- Meaning of put off
- The phrasal verb 'put off' means to postpone something; 'The meeting was put off until Monday' means the meeting was delayed to Monday.
- LSRW language skills
- Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing are the four language skills; listening and reading are receptive skills, while speaking and writing are productive skills.
- Area of a triangle
- The area of a triangle is half the base multiplied by the height, A = ½ × b × h; when three sides are known, Heron's formula using the semi-perimeter applies.
- HCF and LCM relation
- For two positive integers a and b, HCF × LCM = a × b; this relation lets you find the fourth value when the other three are known.
- Simple versus compound interest
- Simple interest is (P × R × T) ÷ 100 on the original principal only, while compound interest is charged on the principal plus the interest already accumulated each period.
- Sum of polygon angles
- The interior angles of a polygon with n sides add up to (n − 2) × 180 degrees; a quadrilateral therefore totals 360 degrees and a pentagon 540 degrees.
- Volume of a cone
- The volume of a cone is one-third of the base area times the height, V = ⅓πr²h, which is exactly one-third the volume of a cylinder with the same base and height.
- Divisibility by eleven
- A number is divisible by 11 if the difference between the sum of digits at odd places and the sum at even places is 0 or a multiple of 11.
- Photosynthesis equation
- Green plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make glucose and oxygen: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂, with chlorophyll absorbing light inside chloroplasts.
- Ohm's law
- At constant temperature, the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it: V = IR, where R is resistance in ohms.
- Mitochondria function
- Mitochondria are cell organelles that release energy by oxidising glucose during respiration; because they supply most cellular energy they are called the powerhouse of the cell.
- pH scale meaning
- The pH scale runs from 0 to 14; values below 7 are acidic, 7 is neutral and values above 7 are basic, measured from hydrogen ion concentration.
- Newton's third law
- Every action has an equal and opposite reaction: when body A exerts a force on body B, body B exerts an equal force on A in the opposite direction.
- Constitution adoption date
- The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950, now celebrated as Republic Day.
- Champaran Satyagraha 1917
- The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement in India, supporting indigo cultivators in Bihar against oppressive planter contracts.
- Fundamental Duties article
- Article 51A of the Constitution lists eleven Fundamental Duties of citizens; they were added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, on the Swaran Singh Committee's recommendation.
- 73rd Amendment Act
- The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions and made three-tier rural local government mandatory in the states.