Hindi Language
Hindi Language tests शब्द ज्ञान and व्याकरण through direct questions on संधि, समास, उपसर्ग-प्रत्यय, शब्द भेद, कारक, वाच्य, अलंकार और मुहावरे, plus a comprehension passage. Marks come from identifying the rule correctly, not from guessing the meaning.
Core rules
- संधि: joining two sounds. स्वर संधि includes दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण, and अयादि; there are also व्यंजन and विसर्ग संधि.
- समास: identify the dominant पद. तत्पुरुष has the उत्तर पद प्रधान; बहुव्रीहि has another पद प्रधान; द्वंद्व joins two equal पद; द्विगु begins with a संख्यावाची पद.
- शब्द भेद: तत्सम, तद्भव, देशज, विदेशी.
- मुहावरा: meaning is लाक्षणिक, not literal.
Worked example
विद्या + आलय = ? Reasoning: the final आ of विद्या meets the initial आ of आलय; आ + आ = आ, a दीर्घ स्वर. The joined form is विद्यालय and the संधि is दीर्घ संधि. Do not label it यण संधि, which applies when इ, उ, or ऋ becomes य, व, or र.
Traps
- Mixing संधि with समास: संधि joins sounds; समास joins words into a compound.
- Marking a तत्सम word as तद्भव without checking its Sanskrit form.
- Reading a मुहावरा literally or ignoring the case ending in कारक questions.
For comprehension, answer from the passage, not from general knowledge.