BSEB Matric Urdu (MIL) flashcards
BSEB Matric Urdu (MIL) · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Nasr
- Urdu term for prose. In the Matric syllabus it covers essays and narrative lessons tested for central idea, character, and passage-based comprehension questions.
- Markazi khayal
- The central idea of a prose lesson. A complete answer states the message in one sentence, then supports it with one incident or line from the text.
- Character sketch
- A description of a person in a lesson built from qualities plus evidence. Each quality should be tied to a specific action or speech from the text.
- Nazm
- An Urdu poem developing one continuous theme, usually without the strict radif-qafiya discipline of the ghazal. Tested for theme, purpose, and poetic devices.
- Tashbeeh
- Simile in Urdu rhetoric: an explicit comparison using words such as 'jaise' or 'ki tarah'. The answer must quote the line and explain the comparison.
- Isti'ara
- Metaphor in Urdu rhetoric: a comparison without an explicit comparison word. The borrowed image stands directly for the subject being described.
- Mubaligha
- Hyperbole or deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis in poetry. It is recognised by impossible or extreme imagery and is explained by its emotional effect.
- Tasveer-e-hal
- Word-picture: descriptive verse that paints a scene through sensory detail. It is identified by concrete images rather than abstract statement.
- Ghazal
- A poem of independent couplets unified by meter, radif and qafiya rather than by a single story. Each sher can carry its own separate thought.
- Sher
- A couplet in a ghazal, made of two lines (misra). The second line usually completes, sharpens, or deepens the thought of the first.
- Matla
- The opening sher of a ghazal, in which both lines share the radif and qafiya. It establishes the rhyme pattern for the whole poem.
- Maqta
- The closing sher of a ghazal, in which the poet inserts his takhallus or pen name, often addressing himself in the third person.
- Radif
- The word or short phrase repeated immediately after the qafiya at the end of both lines of every sher. It must be identical throughout the ghazal.
- Qafiya
- The rhyming element that comes directly before the radif in a ghazal. All shers share the same qafiya pattern set by the matla.
- Takhallus
- The pen name a poet inserts into the maqta of a ghazal. It identifies authorship without necessarily expressing the poet's personal view.
- Beher
- The metre of an Urdu ghazal, governing the syllable pattern of each line. Both lines of a sher must match the same metre.
- Ism
- Noun in Urdu grammar. Subtypes include ism-e-khas (proper), ism-e-aam (common), ism-e-jins (collective), and ism-e-masdar (verbal noun).
- Zameer
- Pronoun in Urdu grammar. It must agree with its antecedent in number and gender, which is why woh aaya and woh aayi differ.
- Fail
- Verb in Urdu grammar. It agrees with the subject and typically appears at the end of the clause, giving Urdu a Subject-Object-Verb order.
- Sifat
- Adjective in Urdu grammar. It normally precedes the noun it describes and does not change form to show grammatical case.
- Muhawara
- An Urdu idiom whose meaning is figurative, not the sum of its words. It is used inside a sentence, unlike a proverb, and must be translated by an equivalent idiom.
- Zarb-ul-masal
- An Urdu proverb: a complete sentence of traditional wisdom used as a unit. It differs from a muhawara, which is a phrase embedded in a sentence.
- Tazkeer-o-taanees
- Grammatical gender in Urdu, masculine versus feminine. Gender is lexical, so the noun's gender must be checked before choosing verb or adjective forms.
- Mazmoon
- An Urdu essay. Its standard structure is tamheed (introduction), tafseel (body), and natija (conclusion), with one controlling idea per paragraph.
- Darkhwast
- An Urdu application. It names the receiver's designation first, states the request in the opening sentence, and ends with a formal sign-off and signature.
- Dastavezi khat
- A formal Urdu letter, containing sender's address, date, receiver's designation, salutation, body, closing, and signature, written in formal register.
- Hazrat-e-Aali
- A formal Urdu salutation used when writing to officials or superiors in a letter or application. It signals respect and sets the official register.
- Urdu punctuation
- Urdu uses ۔ for full stop, ، for comma, and ؟ for question mark. Writing these clearly, instead of English marks, preserves legibility in answers.
- Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
- Nineteenth-century reformer (1817-1898) who led the Aligarh movement and promoted simple, purposeful Urdu prose in place of ornate decorative style.
- Mirza Ghalib
- Urdu poet (1797-1869) celebrated for layered ghazals and for letters that are landmarks of Urdu prose. Associated with the Delhi school.
- Allama Iqbal
- Urdu poet (1877-1938) known for philosophical nazms on selfhood and revival. Bang-e-Dra and Bal-e-Jibril are among his well-known collections.
- Progressive Writers' Movement
- An Urdu and South Asian literary movement founded in 1936 that favoured social realism, reform themes, and plain language over ornamental convention.