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Haryana BSEH Secondary NSQF Apparel Made-Ups and Home Furnishing study materials
Haryana BSEH Secondary NSQF Apparel Made-Ups and Home Furnishing study resources

Haryana BSEH Secondary NSQF Apparel Made-Ups and Home Furnishing practice questions

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Question 1Introduction to Apparel and Home Furnishing Sector

Which raw material is the primary natural fibre used by the apparel industry and is obtained from the seed hair of a plant?

  1. Wool
  2. Silk
  3. Jute
  4. Cotton Correct answer.

Explanation

Cotton is a natural cellulosic fibre harvested from the seed hairs of the cotton plant and is the most widely used fibre in apparel manufacturing. Jute comes from stem bast, silk from insects, and wool from animal fleece, so they are not seed fibres.

Question 2Introduction to Apparel and Home Furnishing Sector

In the apparel supply chain, which stage immediately follows fabric inspection and cutting in the sequence of garment production?

  1. Yarn spinning
  2. Retail display
  3. Stitching Correct answer.
  4. Fibre dyeing

Explanation

After fabric is inspected and cut into pattern pieces, the cut components move to stitching, where they are assembled into a garment. Spinning and fibre dyeing happen upstream at the fibre and yarn stage, while retail display happens after finishing and packing.

Question 3Introduction to Apparel and Home Furnishing Sector

A unit that converts grey fabric into finished, wearable cloth by washing, bleaching, dyeing and printing is best described as which type of unit?

  1. A garment assembly line
  2. A textile processing or finishing house Correct answer.
  3. A garment retail outlet
  4. A spinning mill

Explanation

Wet processing such as washing, bleaching, dyeing and printing of grey fabric is carried out in a textile processing or finishing house. Spinning mills make yarn, assembly lines stitch garments, and retail outlets sell finished goods.

Question 4Introduction to Apparel and Home Furnishing Sector

Which term describes the measurement of fabric weight expressed as grams per square metre, commonly used to judge suitability for a garment?

  1. Count
  2. GSM Correct answer.
  3. Tex
  4. Denier

Explanation

GSM stands for grams per square metre and is the standard measure of fabric weight, helping select fabric for light shirts or heavier trousers. Tex, denier and count are measures of yarn linear density, not fabric weight per unit area.

Question 5Introduction to Apparel and Home Furnishing Sector

In home furnishing, which product is made by joining fabric panels to cover a mattress and is usually sold with matching pillow covers?

  1. A curtain panel
  2. A cushion cover
  3. A bed sheet set Correct answer.
  4. A table runner

Explanation

A bed sheet set consists of a large fabric panel to cover the mattress plus matching pillow covers, forming a coordinated bedding item. Table runners, cushion covers and curtain panels serve other furnishing functions and are not used to cover a mattress.

Question 6Introduction to Apparel and Home Furnishing Sector

A small tailoring unit receives an order for school uniforms and must estimate fabric before cutting. Which factor most directly increases the fabric consumption per garment?

  1. A higher yarn count in the fabric
  2. A larger garment size with more pattern pieces Correct answer.
  3. A darker shade of dyed fabric
  4. A shorter delivery deadline

Explanation

Fabric consumption depends mainly on the area of pattern pieces and the marker layout, so larger sizes with more pieces require more fabric. Shade, yarn count and deadline influence colour, quality or scheduling but do not directly raise the fabric area consumed.

Question 7Introduction to Apparel and Home Furnishing Sector

A buyer asks for a fabric that drapes softly, is absorbent and can be dyed in bright shades for summer shirts. Which fibre choice best meets this requirement?

  1. Polyester
  2. Nylon
  3. Cotton Correct answer.
  4. Glass fibre

Explanation

Cotton is soft, absorbent, breathable and takes dye well, making it suitable for summer shirting. Polyester and nylon are synthetic, less absorbent and often stiffer or glossier, while glass fibre is a technical fibre unsuitable for apparel comfort.

Question 8Introduction to Apparel and Home Furnishing Sector

In a garment factory, a cutting room lays many fabric plies on a table and cuts them together. What is this layering and cutting arrangement called?

  1. A stitch density check
  2. A colour fastness test
  3. A fabric shrinkage test
  4. A marker and spread Correct answer.

Explanation

The marker is the arranged pattern layout, and the spread is the stack of fabric plies laid beneath it before cutting. Stitch density, colour fastness and shrinkage are quality tests, not the layering and cutting arrangement itself.

Question 9Introduction to Apparel and Home Furnishing Sector

A home furnishing workshop wants a washable, durable and inexpensive fabric for chair seat covers in a school canteen. Which option is the most practical selection?

  1. Fine cotton voile
  2. Single-ply muslin
  3. Pure silk taffeta
  4. A blended polyester-cotton upholstery fabric Correct answer.

Explanation

A polyester-cotton blend offers strength, abrasion resistance, easy washing and low cost, which suits heavy-use seat covers. Silk taffeta is costly and delicate, while voile and muslin are light, sheer fabrics with poor abrasion resistance for seating.

Question 10Introduction to Apparel and Home Furnishing Sector

A stitched shirt shows puckered seams after washing even though the pattern measurements were correct. Which production factor is most likely responsible?

  1. Wrong shade of sewing thread
  2. Incorrect thread tension or unsuitable seam allowance Correct answer.
  3. Incorrect garment label wording
  4. Late delivery of buttons

Explanation

Puckering along seams usually arises from incorrect thread tension, differential feed or an unsuitable seam allowance that distorts the fabric during stitching. Thread shade, button delivery and label wording affect appearance or compliance but do not cause seam puckering.

Question 11Introduction to Apparel and Home Furnishing Sector

Why is shade banding checked when cutting fabric from a single dye lot order?

  1. To confirm the fabric has been preshrunk
  2. To ensure all plies in one garment match in colour Correct answer.
  3. To measure the seam strength
  4. To verify the yarn count of the fabric

Explanation

Shade banding occurs when fabric rolls differ slightly in colour, so cutting must ensure that all panels of one garment come from the same shade. Preshrinking, yarn count and seam strength are separate quality parameters not verified by shade banding checks.

Question 12Introduction to Apparel and Home Furnishing Sector

A small enterprise wants to add value to fabric scraps from garment cutting. Which approach best reflects the concept of upcycling in the apparel sector?

  1. Burning the scraps for disposal
  2. Converting scraps into patchwork cushion covers and tote bags Correct answer.
  3. Selling the scraps as industrial wiping rags
  4. Storing the scraps indefinitely in the warehouse

Explanation

Upcycling means creating higher-value products from waste, so turning scraps into patchwork cushions and bags adds design value and reduces waste. Burning, selling as low-value rags or indefinite storage do not create upgraded products from the waste.

Question 13Introduction to Apparel and Home Furnishing Sector

Which characteristic best distinguishes organised mill-sector apparel production from typical cottage-level tailoring?

  1. Systematic division of operations with mechanised processes and quality control Correct answer.
  2. Use of hand needles only
  3. Absence of any production planning
  4. Reliance on a single worker for every operation

Explanation

Organised mill or factory production divides work into specialised operations, uses machines and applies formal quality control, giving higher and more consistent output. Cottage tailoring typically relies on hand or single-worker methods with limited planning and control.

Question 14Introduction to Apparel and Home Furnishing Sector

A garment exporter must supply size sets that fit the target market consistently. Which practice most directly supports consistent sizing across a production lot?

  1. Relying only on the buyer's verbal description
  2. Varying measurements according to each operator's judgement
  3. Using a standardised size chart with approved measurement specifications Correct answer.
  4. Skipping measurement checks to save time

Explanation

Consistent sizing requires a documented size chart and approved measurement specifications that operators and inspectors follow. Operator judgement, skipped checks or verbal descriptions introduce variation and cannot guarantee uniform sizing across a lot.

Question 15Introduction to Apparel and Home Furnishing Sector

A furnishing unit must choose a fabric for curtains in a sunny hospital ward where frequent washing is required. Which combination of properties matters most?

  1. Good light fastness with wash durability Correct answer.
  2. High stretch with low colour fastness
  3. High moisture absorbency with low strength
  4. Heavy pile with poor washability

Explanation

Curtains in a sunny ward face prolonged light exposure and frequent laundering, so resistance to fading plus wash durability are the decisive properties. Stretch, heavy pile with poor washability, or low strength would cause early failure and fading.

Question 16Introduction to Apparel and Home Furnishing Sector

A factory finds that garments from one lot shrink beyond the allowed limit after the first wash, though the fabric passed inspection before cutting. Which explanation is most plausible?

  1. The care label was printed in the wrong font
  2. The sewing thread colour was slightly different
  3. Residual shrinkage was not removed because the fabric was not properly pre-shrunk or relaxed Correct answer.
  4. The buttons were attached with a different stitch

Explanation

If fabric still shrinks after washing, it usually carries residual shrinkage because it was not adequately pre-shrunk or relaxed during finishing. Thread colour, button stitching and label font affect appearance or compliance but cannot cause dimensional change of the fabric.

Question 17Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

In an apparel manufacturing unit, which type of fire extinguisher is most suitable for a fire involving cotton fabric and thread waste?

  1. Wet chemical extinguisher for cooking oil
  2. Carbon dioxide extinguisher only
  3. Water-type or ABC dry powder extinguisher Correct answer.
  4. Foam extinguisher for electrical panels

Explanation

Cotton fabric and thread waste are Class A combustible materials, so water or ABC dry powder is appropriate because it cools and soaks the material. Carbon dioxide is mainly for electrical and flammable liquid fires, not deep-seated textile fires.

Question 18Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

A tailor is cutting denim with a powered straight-knife cutting machine. Which practice best protects the operator's hands?

  1. Wearing loose cotton hand gloves on both hands
  2. Wearing a chain-mail safety glove on the guiding hand Correct answer.
  3. Switching off the light curtain to speed up the cut
  4. Removing the machine guard to see the cut line clearly

Explanation

A chain-mail glove resists a knife blade and protects the hand that guides the fabric near the blade. Loose gloves can be caught by moving parts, and guards or light curtains must never be bypassed.

Question 19Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

Which of the following is the correct order of steps for hand washing before handling clean garments in a finishing section?

  1. Wet hands, apply soap, rub for at least 20 seconds, rinse, dry Correct answer.
  2. Wet hands, rinse, apply soap, dry immediately without rubbing
  3. Apply soap to dry hands, rinse, then wet hands with water
  4. Apply soap, rub for 5 seconds, dry with a shared cloth, then rinse

Explanation

Effective hand washing requires wetting, soaping, vigorous rubbing for about 20 seconds, rinsing and drying, which removes soil and transient microorganisms. Short rubbing or shared drying cloths allow contamination to remain or spread.

Question 20Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

In a garment factory, which colour code is widely used to mark a fire extinguisher location and fire-fighting equipment?

  1. Yellow
  2. Red Correct answer.
  3. Blue
  4. Green

Explanation

Red is the standard safety colour for fire-fighting equipment and its location markings in industrial workplaces. Green marks safe conditions such as first-aid or escape routes, and yellow marks caution.

Question 21Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

A sewing machine operator complains of numbness and tingling in the fingers after long shifts. Which workplace factor is the most likely contributor?

  1. High noise level from the boiler room
  2. Exposure to cotton dust in the cutting room
  3. Poor lighting in the packing area
  4. Prolonged repetitive gripping and vibration from the machine Correct answer.

Explanation

Repeated gripping, awkward wrist posture and hand-arm vibration during long sewing shifts can compress nerves and cause numbness and tingling. Dust, noise and lighting cause other effects and are not the usual cause of finger tingling.

Question 22Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

Which piece of personal protective equipment is essential when handling caustic soda used in fabric scouring?

  1. Ear plugs and a face shield only
  2. Woollen gloves and a cotton apron
  3. Cotton dust mask and canvas shoes
  4. Chemical splash goggles and rubber gloves Correct answer.

Explanation

Caustic soda is a corrosive alkali that damages eyes and skin on contact, so splash goggles and chemical-resistant rubber gloves are required. Cotton or woollen items absorb the chemical and hold it against the skin.

Question 23Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

A worker in the fabric inspection section feels dizzy and has a headache after the air-conditioning fails on a hot day. What is the most appropriate immediate response?

  1. Ask the worker to continue and finish the roll quickly
  2. Close all windows to keep the room cool
  3. Give the worker strong coffee and resume work
  4. Move the worker to a cool ventilated area and give water, then seek first aid Correct answer.

Explanation

Dizziness and headache in a hot environment suggest heat stress, which is managed by moving the person to a cooler ventilated place, giving fluids and obtaining first aid. Continuing work or closing ventilation worsens heat accumulation.

Question 24Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a Material Safety Data Sheet kept in a dyeing unit?

  1. It certifies the colour fastness of the finished fabric
  2. It explains the hazards, safe handling and emergency measures for a chemical Correct answer.
  3. It records the daily production output of the dyeing machines
  4. It lists the wages and shift timings of dyeing staff

Explanation

A safety data sheet communicates a chemical's hazards, safe handling, first-aid and spill-response information to workers and supervisors. Production records, wage details and fastness certificates are unrelated documents.

Question 25Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

A needle from an industrial sewing machine breaks and a fragment cannot be found on the floor. What is the correct action before work continues?

  1. Replace the needle and discard the broken piece without recording
  2. Ask the operator to wear shoes and continue working
  3. Sweep the area quickly and restart the machine
  4. Stop work in the area, search thoroughly, and record the incident until the fragment is found Correct answer.

Explanation

Broken needle fragments are a serious hazard because they can embed in garments or injure feet, so work must stop until a thorough search locates the piece. The event is recorded to maintain traceability and prevent recurrence.

Question 26Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

Why is local exhaust ventilation preferred at the fabric brushing and cropping machine rather than relying on general room ventilation alone?

  1. It captures dust and lint near the source before they spread into the breathing zone Correct answer.
  2. It increases the production speed of the machine
  3. It reduces the noise level of the brushing machine
  4. It cools the motor of the brushing machine

Explanation

Local exhaust ventilation draws contaminated air away at the point of dust generation, preventing lint and dust from entering the worker's breathing zone. General ventilation dilutes contaminants only after they have spread through the room.

Question 27Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

A worker must lift a heavy roll of fabric from the floor. Which technique reduces the risk of back injury?

  1. Bend the knees, keep the load close to the body and lift with the leg muscles Correct answer.
  2. Hold the roll at arm's length and lift with a jerking motion
  3. Bend at the waist, keep the legs straight and twist while lifting
  4. Lift the roll quickly while turning the upper body

Explanation

Bending the knees and keeping the load close uses the strong leg muscles and reduces the lever effect on the lower back. Twisting or jerking while lifting greatly increases spinal loading and injury risk.

Question 28Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

Which statement correctly describes the use of a residual current circuit breaker on portable electrical equipment in a garment unit?

  1. It trips the supply when it detects leakage current to earth, reducing shock risk Correct answer.
  2. It replaces the need for earthing of the machine body
  3. It increases the voltage supplied to the machine for faster operation
  4. It protects the motor from mechanical overload only

Explanation

A residual current circuit breaker senses small earth-leakage currents and quickly disconnects the supply, limiting the duration of an electric shock. It does not replace earthing or provide mechanical overload protection.

Question 29Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

During ironing, a worker sustains a scald on the forearm. Which first-aid action is correct?

  1. Cool the area under clean running water for about 20 minutes and cover loosely Correct answer.
  2. Apply ice directly to the skin and rub the area
  3. Apply butter or oil to the burn and wrap tightly
  4. Burst any blisters to release the fluid

Explanation

Cooling a scald with clean running water for about 20 minutes limits tissue damage and relieves pain, and a loose clean cover protects the area. Ice, grease and blister bursting can worsen the injury or cause infection.

Question 30Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

Which arrangement best prevents the spread of fire and smoke between the fabric store and the stitching hall?

  1. Wooden partitions treated with ordinary paint
  2. Fire-resistant separating walls with self-closing fire doors kept closed Correct answer.
  3. Open archways to allow quick movement of trolleys
  4. Removing doors so that workers can escape faster

Explanation

Compartmentation using fire-resistant walls and self-closing fire doors limits the spread of fire and smoke, giving occupants time to escape. Open archways and combustible partitions allow rapid fire growth and smoke travel.

Question 31Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

A stitching hall measures high noise levels throughout the shift. Which control should be considered first in the hierarchy of controls?

  1. Engineering controls such as enclosing or damping noisy machines Correct answer.
  2. Displaying a warning sign at the entrance
  3. Shortening the lunch break to reduce exposure time
  4. Issuing earplugs to every operator

Explanation

The hierarchy of controls places elimination and engineering controls above personal protective equipment because they reduce the hazard at source for everyone. Earplugs and signs are lower-level measures used when exposure cannot be reduced sufficiently.

Question 32Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

Which of the following is the main reason for keeping aisles and emergency exits clear of fabric trolleys in a made-ups unit?

  1. To allow rapid evacuation and access for emergency services Correct answer.
  2. To reduce the number of supervisors needed
  3. To increase the storage capacity of the hall
  4. To improve the appearance of the workplace for buyers

Explanation

Clear aisles and exits are essential so that workers can evacuate quickly and firefighters can reach the incident. Blocked routes cause panic, falls and delays during an emergency.

Question 33Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

A worker in the washing section develops a skin rash after handling detergent powder without gloves. Which combination best addresses this problem?

  1. Provide gloves, train on safe handling and substitute with a less irritating product Correct answer.
  2. Increase the quantity of detergent used per batch
  3. Ask the worker to wash hands less often during the shift
  4. Move the worker to a different shift without changing the task

Explanation

Occupational dermatitis is prevented by removing skin contact through gloves and safe handling, and by substituting a less irritating product where possible. Training ensures the controls are used correctly.

Question 34Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

An analysis of accident records shows most needle-prick injuries occur during thread trimming without a guard. Which action is the most effective preventive measure?

  1. Fit a guard at the trimming point and retrain operators on the safe method Correct answer.
  2. Provide a plaster box near the machine
  3. Reduce the daily production target for the section
  4. Record the injuries more carefully in the accident register

Explanation

When records show a hazard concentrated at a specific task, the best response is to control the hazard at source with a guard and reinforce safe working methods. Recording, plasters and lower targets do not remove the cause.

Question 35Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

A factory plans to introduce a new solvent-based stain remover. Which sequence best applies the principles of occupational health and safety before the chemical is used?

  1. Install a general fan, distribute masks and postpone any assessment
  2. Order the chemical, start production, and train workers only if an accident occurs
  3. Ask workers to sign a consent form and begin using the chemical immediately
  4. Assess the hazard, try a safer substitute, install controls, train workers, then monitor exposure Correct answer.

Explanation

Good practice requires hazard assessment and consideration of substitution before controls, training and exposure monitoring are arranged. Starting use first or relying on consent shifts the risk to workers instead of managing it.

Question 36Occupational Safety, Health and Hygiene

A unit stores both cotton waste and solvent-based adhesives. Which fire-safety arrangement is most appropriate?

  1. Keep the adhesives in an unventilated room beside the boiler
  2. Store the adhesives separately in a ventilated area with suitable extinguishers and no ignition sources Correct answer.
  3. Stack the adhesives above the electrical distribution board
  4. Store the adhesives next to the cotton waste so that one extinguisher serves both

Explanation

Solvent-based adhesives release flammable vapours and need a separate ventilated store away from ignition sources and combustible materials such as cotton waste. Mixing incompatible materials increases both fire and vapour exposure risk.

Question 37Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics

Which natural fibre is obtained from the seed of a plant and is composed mainly of cellulose?

  1. Cotton Correct answer.
  2. Wool
  3. Silk
  4. Jute

Explanation

Cotton is a seed hair fibre that grows in the boll of the cotton plant, and roughly ninety per cent of its substance is cellulose. Wool and silk are protein fibres of animal origin, while jute is a bast fibre taken from the stem.

Question 38Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics

A yarn in which the fibres lie roughly parallel along the length and are held by twist is best described as which type?

  1. Plied yarn
  2. Fancy yarn
  3. Filament yarn
  4. Staple spun yarn Correct answer.

Explanation

A staple spun yarn is made by aligning short fibres and inserting twist so that friction between the fibres holds them together. Filament yarns are made from long continuous strands, fancy yarns have deliberate irregularities, and plied yarns are formed by twisting two or more already-made yarns together.

Question 39Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics

Which weave produces a fabric with a smooth face and a slightly rougher back because the weft floats over two or more warp threads in a stepped pattern?

  1. Plain weave
  2. Pile weave
  3. Satin weave Correct answer.
  4. Twill weave

Explanation

In a satin weave the interlacing points are spaced so that long floats of warp or weft cover the surface, giving a lustrous smooth face and a duller back. Plain weave interlocks at every thread, twill shows diagonal lines, and pile weave raises loops or cut tufts.

Question 40Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics

Which fibre property allows cotton fabric to absorb perspiration readily and feel comfortable in hot weather?

  1. High moisture absorbency Correct answer.
  2. High elastic recovery
  3. High thermoplasticity
  4. Low moisture regain

Explanation

Cotton cellulose contains many hydroxyl groups that attract and hold water, so the fibre has high moisture absorbency and regain. This lets the fabric take up perspiration from the skin, which is why cotton is comfortable in summer.

Question 41Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics

What is the standard term for the number of yarns per inch in the warp direction of a woven fabric?

  1. Picks per inch
  2. Ends per inch Correct answer.
  3. Yarn count
  4. Fabric cover

Explanation

Warp yarns running lengthwise are called ends, so their density is expressed as ends per inch. Weft yarns are called picks, and their density is picks per inch. Yarn count describes the thickness of the yarn itself, not the fabric sett.

Question 42Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics

Which of these is a regenerated cellulosic fibre produced by dissolving wood pulp and extruding it into filaments?

  1. Viscose rayon Correct answer.
  2. Nylon
  3. Acrylic
  4. Polyester

Explanation

Viscose rayon is made by converting cellulose from wood pulp into a soluble compound, then extruding and regenerating it as filaments. Nylon, polyester and acrylic are all fully synthetic fibres built from petrochemical polymers rather than cellulose.

Question 43Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics

A fabric that is warm, resilient and prone to felting when washed is most likely made from which fibre?

  1. Polyester
  2. Linen
  3. Wool Correct answer.
  4. Cotton

Explanation

Wool has natural crimp and scales on its surface, which trap air for warmth and allow the fibres to interlock and felt under heat and agitation. Cotton and linen are cellulosic and cool, while polyester is smooth and does not felt.

Question 44Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics

In a plain weave structure, how does each weft thread interlace with the warp threads?

  1. Over four warps, under one warp in a regular repeat
  2. Only over the warp threads without passing under
  3. Over two warps, under two warps in stepped order
  4. Over one warp, under one warp, alternating throughout Correct answer.

Explanation

Plain weave is the simplest interlacing, where each weft passes over one warp and under the next, and the following pick reverses the order. This one-up-one-down structure gives the firmest, most stable fabric with the highest thread interlacing frequency.

Question 45Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics

A spinner blends polyester staple fibre with cotton before spinning. Which advantage does this blend mainly provide in apparel fabric?

  1. Reduced strength compared with pure cotton
  2. Improved crease recovery with retained moisture absorbency Correct answer.
  3. Increased flammability
  4. Complete elimination of pilling

Explanation

Polyester contributes strength and elastic recovery so creases drop out, while cotton contributes absorbency and a comfortable handle. The blend therefore balances the weaknesses of each fibre, which is why polyester-cotton is so widely used in shirting and uniform cloth.

Question 46Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics

Which count system expresses yarn fineness as the number of 840-yard hanks in one pound of yarn?

  1. Tex
  2. Denier
  3. Metric count
  4. Cotton count Correct answer.

Explanation

The cotton count is an indirect system in which one count equals one 840-yard hank per pound, so a higher number means a finer yarn. Tex and denier are direct systems based on weight per fixed length, and metric count uses 1000-metre hanks per kilogram.

Question 47Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics

A manufacturer wants a strong, smooth filament yarn for parachute fabric. Which yarn type best meets this requirement?

  1. Continuous filament yarn with low twist Correct answer.
  2. Blended woollen yarn
  3. Loosely twisted single staple yarn
  4. Coarse slub yarn

Explanation

Continuous filament yarns have no short fibre ends, so they are smooth and can develop high strength, and low twist keeps the filaments aligned along the load direction. Slub, loosely twisted staple and woollen yarns are irregular and comparatively weak.

Question 48Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics

Which statement correctly distinguishes a warp yarn from a weft yarn on a loom?

  1. Warp yarns run lengthwise and are held under tension while weft is inserted across them Correct answer.
  2. Warp yarns are inserted only after the fabric has left the loom
  3. Warp yarns are always coarser and weaker than the weft yarns
  4. Warp yarns run across the fabric width and are inserted by the shuttle

Explanation

Warp threads are wound on the beam, run the length of the fabric and are kept under tension by the loom so that the weft can be interlaced between them. Weft, or filling, is the yarn carried across the width by the shuttle or other inserter.

Question 49Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics

Why is mercerisation applied to cotton yarns and fabrics?

  1. To coat the surface with a water-repellent resin
  2. To shrink the fabric deliberately for a crinkled effect
  3. To increase lustre, strength and dye uptake by swelling the fibre in alkali Correct answer.
  4. To add flame-retardant chemicals permanently

Explanation

Mercerisation treats cotton under tension with strong sodium hydroxide, which swells the fibre, makes it rounder and smoother, and improves lustre, tensile strength and dye absorption. It is a swelling treatment, not a coating or flame-retardant finish.

Question 50Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics

Which fabric structure is produced by interlacing two sets of yarns at right angles on a loom?

  1. Braided fabric
  2. Woven fabric Correct answer.
  3. Knitted fabric
  4. Non-woven fabric

Explanation

Woven fabric is made by interlacing warp and weft yarns at right angles on a loom, giving a stable structure with grain lines. Knitting uses interlocking loops, non-wovens bond fibres directly, and braiding diagonally interlaces yarns without a right-angle grid.