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Question 1Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

In the word सूर्योदय, which sandhi operation joins सूर्य and उदय?

  1. दीर्घ sandhi (अ + उ → ऊ)
  2. गुण sandhi (अ + उ → ओ) Correct answer.
  3. वृद्धि sandhi (अ + उ → ओ)
  4. यण् sandhi (इ/उ + vowel → y/v)

Explanation

सूर्य ends in -अ and उदय begins with उ; अ + उ together give the गुण substitute ओ, so सूर्य + उदय → सूर्योदय. This is the अकः सवर्णे दीर्घ rule's neighbour: the गुण rule applies because the vowels are not savarṇa.

Question 2Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Which result is correct for the sandhi of इति + उक्तम्?

  1. इतीउक्तम्
  2. इत्यूक्तम्
  3. इतिउक्तम्
  4. इत्युक्तम् Correct answer.

Explanation

The final इ of इति meets the dissimilar vowel उ, so the यण् substitution applies and इ becomes the semivowel य्: इति + उक्तम् → इत्युक्तम्. The vowel उ remains short because no lengthening rule is triggered.

Question 3Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

The sandhi रामः + अस्ति yields which form?

  1. रामोऽस्ति Correct answer.
  2. रामःअस्ति
  3. रामास्ति
  4. रामस्स्ति

Explanation

A visarga preceded by अ and followed by a voiced vowel becomes ओ (the rule अतो रोरप्लुतादप्लुते). Hence रामः + अस्ति → रामोऽस्ति, with the अ of अस्ति retained after the substituted ओ.

Question 4Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Which compound (समास) is illustrated by राज्ञः पुत्रः?

  1. तत्पुरुष Correct answer.
  2. द्वन्द्व
  3. बहुव्रीहि
  4. अव्ययीभाव

Explanation

In राज्ञः पुत्रः the first member stands in the genitive case and the compound is governed by the second member, which is the definition of a तत्पुरुष (here a षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष). The compound denotes the son, not the king, so the head is the final member.

Question 5Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

The word अत्यन्त is formed from अति + अन्त. Which term names the substitution of the final इ by य्?

  1. वृद्धि
  2. अयवायाव
  3. गुण
  4. यण् Correct answer.

Explanation

When इ, उ, ऋ or ऌ is followed by a dissimilar vowel, it is replaced by the corresponding semivowel य्, व्, र् or ल्; this substitution is called यण्. In अति + अन्त the इ becomes य्, giving अत्यन्त.

Question 6Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

In the declension सखि + औ → सखायौ, which type of substitution has taken place?

  1. यण् substitution to य्
  2. No change; the words are merely juxtaposed
  3. गुण of the final इ to ए
  4. वृद्धि of the final इ to ऐ Correct answer.

Explanation

The stem सखि ends in इ and the dual ending औ follows; इ + औ undergo वृद्धि, giving ऐ, which is then realised as आय् in सखायौ. This is the वृद्धिरेचि rule of the अच् sandhi section.

Question 7Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Which of the following is the correct analysis of the compound नीलोत्पलम् (a blue lotus)?

  1. द्वन्द्व, joining two lotuses
  2. बहुव्रीहि, denoting a person
  3. कर्मधारय, with नील as qualifying adjective Correct answer.
  4. अव्ययीभाव, with an indeclinable first member

Explanation

In नीलोत्पलम् the first member नील is an adjective (विशेषण) qualifying the second member उत्पल, and the whole compound denotes the lotus itself; this is a कर्मधारय, a subdivision of तत्पुरुष. The head is the final member, so the compound refers to the lotus.

Question 8Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Applying the rule for visarga before a voiceless consonant, what is the correct sandhi of देवः + तत्र?

  1. देवोतत्र
  2. देवःतत्र
  3. देवस्तत्र Correct answer.
  4. देवतत्र

Explanation

A visarga preceded by अ and followed by a voiceless consonant such as त is replaced by स्, according to the rule विसर्जनीयः पूर्वे तु सत्वम्. Thus देवः + तत्र → देवस्तत्र.

Question 9Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

The form अनुष्ठान is derived from अनु + स्थान. Which sandhi change explains the ष्?

  1. स् is dropped and ष् is inserted for euphony only
  2. The word is an irregular form with no rule
  3. स् becomes ष् after the prefix अनु (षत्व) Correct answer.
  4. स् becomes श् before a vowel

Explanation

The rule सात् (अनु etc.) causes a following स् to become ष् (षत्व), so अनु + स्थान → अनुष्ठान. The change is regular and predictable from the prefix's final vowel.

Question 10Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Which word correctly shows दीर्घ sandhi of the savarṇa vowels?

  1. विद्यौलयः from विद्या + आलयः
  2. विद्याआलयः from विद्या + आलयः
  3. विद्यालयः from विद्या + आलयः Correct answer.
  4. विद्येलयः from विद्या + आलयः

Explanation

When savarṇa (identical) vowels meet, both are replaced by the corresponding long vowel (अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः). Here आ + आ become a single आ, giving विद्यालयः.

Question 11Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

What is the correct sandhi form of मुनि + ईशः?

  1. मुनीइशः
  2. मुनीशः Correct answer.
  3. मुनेशः
  4. मुन्यीशः

Explanation

The final इ of मुनि and the initial ई of ईशः are savarṇa vowels, so दीर्घ substitution applies and both become a single long ई: मुनि + ईशः → मुनीशः. यण् does not apply because the vowels are savarṇa.

Question 12Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Which statement correctly distinguishes a बहुव्रीहि from a तत्पुरुष?

  1. In a बहुव्रीहि the first member is always an indeclinable, while a तत्पुरुष always has a numeral first member.
  2. In a बहुव्रीहि the final member is dropped, while a तत्पुरुष retains all members.
  3. In a बहुव्रीहि the compound denotes something other than its members, while a तत्पुरुष is headed by its final member. Correct answer.
  4. In a बहुव्रीहि members are coordinated by च, while a तत्पुरुष has a genitive first member only.

Explanation

A बहुव्रीहि is an adjective-type compound whose meaning lies outside (अन्यपदार्थ) its constituent words, as in दशरथः (one whose chariot is ten). A तत्पुरुष, by contrast, is governed by its final member, as in राजपुत्रः (the king's son).

Question 13Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

The sandhi of इति + आदि gives which form?

  1. इत्यादि Correct answer.
  2. इतीआदि
  3. इत्यादी
  4. इतिआदि

Explanation

The final इ of इति is followed by the dissimilar vowel आ, so यण् applies and इ becomes य्: इति + आदि → इत्यादि. The initial आ of आदि remains unchanged after the semivowel.

Question 14Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Which option correctly states the sandhi result for सः + अपि?

  1. सःअपि
  2. सोऽपि Correct answer.
  3. सापि
  4. ससपि

Explanation

A visarga preceded by अ and followed by a voiced vowel becomes ओ, so सः + अपि → सोऽपि. The initial अ of अपि is retained after the substituted ओ.

Question 15Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

In the compound पीताम्बरः (one who wears yellow garments), which samāsa type and reason apply?

  1. बहुव्रीहि, because the compound denotes a person other than its members Correct answer.
  2. कर्मधारय, because पीत qualifies अम्बर
  3. अव्ययीभाव, because पीत is indeclinable
  4. द्वन्द्व, because two garments are joined

Explanation

पीताम्बरः literally means 'yellow garment', but as a compound it denotes a person wearing it, i.e. something other than the constituent words; this is the defining feature of a बहुव्रीहि. The same words could be a कर्मधारय if they denoted the garment itself.

Question 16Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Which sandhi produces the form तन्निमित्तम् from तत् + निमित्तम्?

  1. त् becomes स् before न
  2. त् is dropped and न is doubled
  3. त् becomes न् by assimilation (तद् + न → तन्न) Correct answer.
  4. त् becomes द् before न

Explanation

When the final त् of तत् meets the initial न् of निमित्तम्, the त् assimilates to the following न्, giving तन्निमित्तम्. This is the व्यञ्जन sandhi rule by which a stop assimilates to a following nasal of the same class.

Question 17Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Which analysis of the compound यथाशक्ति is correct?

  1. अव्ययीभाव, since the indeclinable यथा is the first member and the compound functions adverbially Correct answer.
  2. बहुव्रीहि, since it denotes a person of limited power
  3. तत्पुरुष, since the final member governs the first
  4. द्वन्द्व, since यथा and शक्ति are coordinated

Explanation

In यथाशक्ति the first member यथा is an indeclinable (अव्यय) and the whole compound is used adverbially, meaning 'according to ability'. An अव्ययीभाव is defined precisely by an indeclinable first member and adverbial function.

Question 18Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

The sandhi of वाक् + ईशः gives which form, and by which rule?

  1. वाक्शः, by substituting श्
  2. वाकीशः, with no change
  3. वाग्ईशः, keeping both vowels
  4. वागीशः, by जश्त्व (क् → ग्) before a vowel Correct answer.

Explanation

A word-final क् before a vowel undergoes जश्त्व, becoming the corresponding soft consonant ग्, so वाक् + ईशः → वागीशः. This is the rule for झल् consonants before voiced sounds.

Question 19Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Which option correctly explains why the compound राजपुरुषः is a तत्पुरुष rather than a द्वन्द्व?

  1. It denotes a person outside its members.
  2. Its members are not coordinated by च; the final member puruṣa is the head, qualified by rājan. Correct answer.
  3. Its members are always in the same case and joined by च.
  4. Its first member is an indeclinable.

Explanation

In राजपुरुषः the two members stand in a subordinate relationship (the king's servant), with the final member as head; nothing is coordinated by च. That makes it a तत्पुरुष (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष), whereas a द्वन्द्व would require coordinated members such as राजा च पुरुषश्च.

Question 20Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

What is the correct sandhi of देव + आलय?

  1. देवौलय
  2. देवालय Correct answer.
  3. देवआलय
  4. देवालयः

Explanation

The final अ of देव and the initial आ of आलय are savarṇa vowels, so दीर्घ substitution gives a single long आ: देव + आलय → देवालय. No visarga or extra ending is part of the input.

Question 21Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Which statement best explains the difference between गुण and वृद्धि substitutions in Sanskrit sandhi?

  1. Both give the same results and differ only in name.
  2. गुण gives ऐ/औ, while वृद्धि gives ए/ओ.
  3. गुण gives ए/ओ/अर्/अल्, while वृद्धि gives ऐ/औ/आर्/आल्, the latter being the strengthened grade. Correct answer.
  4. गुण applies only to consonants, while वृद्धि applies only to vowels.

Explanation

गुण is the first degree of strengthening: अ/इ/उ/ऋ become अ/ए/ओ/अर्. वृद्धि is the second degree: आ/ऐ/औ/आर्. Sandhi rules select one or the other depending on the vowels involved, e.g. अ + इ → ए (गुण) but अ + ए → ऐ (वृद्धि).

Question 22Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Which option correctly identifies the समास in चतुर्भुजः when it means विष्णु (the four-armed one)?

  1. अव्ययीभाव, since चतुर् is indeclinable
  2. बहुव्रीहि, since the compound denotes a being other than its members Correct answer.
  3. कर्मधारय, since चतुर् qualifies भुज
  4. द्वन्द्व, since four arms are coordinated

Explanation

चतुर्भुजः literally means 'four arms', but as a name of विष्णु it denotes a person possessing them, which is the अन्यपदार्थ sense of a बहुव्रीहि. A कर्मधारय would denote the arms themselves, not the deity.

Question 23Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

In the form नरेन्द्रः (नर + इन्द्र), which sandhi operation explains the ए?

  1. दीर्घ substitution of अ + इ → ई
  2. गुण substitution of अ + इ → ए Correct answer.
  3. यण् substitution of इ → य्
  4. वृद्धि substitution of अ + इ → ऐ

Explanation

The final अ of नर and the initial इ of इन्द्र are dissimilar vowels, so the गुण substitute ए replaces both: नर + इन्द्र → नरेन्द्र. यण् would apply only if the first vowel were इ/उ/ऋ, and दीर्घ only to savarṇa vowels.

Question 24Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Which option correctly explains the sandhi in निष्क्रय (from निः + क्रय)?

  1. The visarga after इ becomes ष् before the voiceless क (षत्व). Correct answer.
  2. The visarga becomes र् before क.
  3. The visarga is dropped with no substitution.
  4. The क becomes ग् by जश्त्व.

Explanation

A visarga preceded by इ becomes ष् when a voiceless consonant follows (the rule for षत्व after इ/उ), so निः + क्रय → निष्क्रय. The change is regular and depends on both the preceding vowel and the following consonant.

Question 25Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Which statement about the compound दशरथः as a name of a king is accurate?

  1. It is a द्वन्द्व because दश and रथ are coordinated.
  2. It is a बहुव्रीहि because it denotes a person whose chariot is ten, not the chariot itself. Correct answer.
  3. It is an अव्ययीभाव because दश is indeclinable.
  4. It is a कर्मधारय because दश qualifies रथ.

Explanation

दशरथः literally means 'ten chariots', but as a proper name it denotes a person possessing them, which is the अन्यपदार्थ sense characteristic of a बहुव्रीहि. A कर्मधारय would denote the chariots themselves.

Question 26Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

In the sandhi operation सत् + जनः, the final त् of सत् becomes ज्. Which term names this type of consonant substitution?

  1. विसर्ग सन्धि
  2. अयादि सन्धि
  3. व्यञ्जन सन्धि (हल् सन्धि) Correct answer.
  4. स्वर सन्धि

Explanation

This is a junction involving consonants, so it belongs to व्यञ्जन (हल्) सन्धि, governed by rules such as श्चुत्व and ष्टुत्व. The change त् to ज् before the palatal ज् is an assimilation of place of articulation. No vowel or visarga is the operative element here.

Question 27Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Which form results from the sandhi of भानु + उदयः?

  1. भानूदयः Correct answer.
  2. भान्वुदयः
  3. भानोदयः
  4. भानूउदयः

Explanation

भानु ends in उ and उदय begins with उ; the two similar vowels combine into one long ऊ by the savarṇa dīrgha rule (अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः). Hence भानु + उदयः = भानूदयः. No semivowel substitution occurs because the vowels are savarṇa.

Question 28Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

In a समास, which type is illustrated by राज्ञः पुरुषः expressed as a single compound?

  1. अव्ययीभाव
  2. बहुव्रीहि
  3. द्वन्द्व
  4. षष्ठी तत्पुरुष Correct answer.

Explanation

When the first member stands in the genitive (षष्ठी) relation to the second and the compound denotes the second member itself, it is a षष्ठी तत्पुरुष. The vigraha is राज्ञः पुरुषः, and the compound still means a servant of the king. द्वन्द्व would require coordination of two equal members, and बहुव्रीहि would denote something other than the second member.

Question 29Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

The form अत्यन्तम् is analysed as अति + अन्त. Which samāsa type does this analysis give?

  1. कर्मधारय
  2. बहुव्रीहि
  3. अव्ययीभाव Correct answer.
  4. द्विगु

Explanation

The first member अति is an indeclinable (अव्यय), and the compound functions as an indeclinable adverb meaning 'excessively, to the end'. A compound whose first member is an indeclinable prefix is an अव्ययीभाव. The other types require a substantive first member or a numeral or descriptive relation.

Question 30Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

What is the correct sandhi form of निः + चयः?

  1. निचयः
  2. निच्चयः
  3. निष्चयः
  4. निश्चयः Correct answer.

Explanation

A visarga followed by the voiceless palatal च् becomes श्, giving निश्चयः. The relevant rule is विसर्जनीयः ... शरि (visarga becomes श् before श्/च्/छ्, ष् before ष्/ट्/ठ्, स् before स्/त्/थ्). This is the same principle behind निष्क्रय and निस्तर.

Question 31Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

The word परीक्षा is formed from परि + ईक्षा. Which sandhi operation explains the ई?

  1. The final इ of परि becomes ए by guṇa
  2. The initial ई of ईक्षा becomes इ by shortening
  3. The final इ of परि combines with ई to give one long ई Correct answer.
  4. The final इ of परि becomes the semivowel य्

Explanation

परि ends in इ and ईक्षा begins with ई; since इ and ई are savarṇa, the rule अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः replaces both with a single long ई. The result is परीक्षा. This is a dīrgha (savarṇa) vowel sandhi, not a semivowel or guṇa substitution.

Question 32Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Which analysis correctly identifies the compound हरिहरौ in the sense 'Hari and Hara together'?

  1. तत्पुरुष, because the first member is in the genitive
  2. द्वन्द्व, because the two members are coordinated by च Correct answer.
  3. बहुव्रीहि, because it denotes a third entity
  4. कर्मधारय, because हरि qualifies हर

Explanation

A द्वन्द्व compound joins two or more members as coordinated items, as shown by a vigraha with च (हरिश्च हरश्च). The dual हरिहरौ expresses the pair. The compound denotes both members themselves, not an outside referent.

Question 33Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

What is the correct sandhi form of इति + उक्त्वा?

  1. इतिउक्त्वा
  2. इतूक्त्वा
  3. इत्युक्त्वा Correct answer.
  4. इत्यूक्त्वा

Explanation

The final इ of इति is followed by a dissimilar vowel उ, so it becomes the semivowel य् (इको यणचि). The result is इत्युक्त्वा. This yaṇ substitution is the standard treatment when इ/उ/ऋ/ऌ are followed by non-savarṇa vowels.

Question 34Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Which statement correctly explains the guṇa substitution in नर + इन्द्र → नरेन्द्र?

  1. The अ of नर lengthens to आ
  2. The इ of इन्द्र becomes ई by dīrgha
  3. The अ of नर and the इ of इन्द्र are replaced by the single guṇa vowel ए Correct answer.
  4. The इ of इन्द्र becomes the semivowel य्

Explanation

When अ (or अ-class vowel) is followed by इ, the two are replaced by the guṇa vowel ए according to आद्गुणः. Thus नर + इन्द्र gives नरेन्द्र. Guṇa substitution yields ए/ओ/अर्/अल्, whereas vṛddhi yields ऐ/औ/आर्/आल्.

Question 35Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

The word तैत्तिरीय is analysed as तित्तिरि + अण् (a taddhita suffix). Which operation produces the ऐ?

  1. यण् substitution of the initial इ
  2. No substitution; ऐ is part of the suffix
  3. गुण substitution of the initial इ
  4. वृद्धि substitution of the initial इ Correct answer.

Explanation

Taddhita derivation with the suffix अण् requires vṛddhi of the first vowel of the base (वृद्धिरादैच्). The initial इ of तित्तिरि therefore becomes ऐ, giving तैत्तिरीय. Vṛddhi substitutes आ/ऐ/औ for the corresponding simple vowels.

Question 36Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Which option correctly states the sandhi of वधू + आशीः?

  1. वधूआशीः
  2. वध्वाशीः Correct answer.
  3. वधावाशीः
  4. वध्वाशी

Explanation

The final ऊ of वधू is followed by the dissimilar vowel आ, so ऊ becomes the semivowel व् under इको यणचि. The result is वध्वाशीः. The visarga of आशीः is retained because it stands at the end of the compound before a pause.

Question 37Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

The form अहरहः (day after day) is analysed as अहः + अहः. Which rule explains the change of the first visarga to र्?

  1. A visarga followed by a voiceless consonant becomes स्
  2. A visarga is simply dropped before a vowel
  3. A visarga becomes ओ before अ
  4. A visarga followed by a voiced sound becomes र् (विसर्गस्य रत्वम्) Correct answer.

Explanation

When a visarga is preceded by अ (other than आ) and followed by a voiced sound such as a vowel or voiced consonant, it becomes र्. Hence अहः + अहः gives अहरहः. This is the visarga-rत्व rule, distinct from the sibilant substitutions before voiceless consonants.

Question 38Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

Which option correctly analyses the compound प्रादुर्भावः?

  1. It is a कर्मधारय meaning 'manifestation is प्रादुस्'
  2. It is a तत्पुरुष in which the indeclinable प्रादुः governs भू (to become), meaning 'manifestation' Correct answer.
  3. It is a बहुव्रीहि meaning 'one who has manifestation'
  4. It is a द्वन्द्व joining प्रादुस् and भाव

Explanation

प्रादुस् is an indeclinable meaning 'forth, into view', and it governs the verbal noun भाव from भू. The compound is a तत्पुरुष whose vigraha is प्रादुर्भावः = प्रकटीभवनम्. It does not coordinate two equal members nor denote an outside referent.

Question 39Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

In the derivation of the aorist form अदात् (from दा, 'to give'), the final त् remains before a vowel-initial suffix in some contexts but becomes द्. Which sandhi principle governs the alternation त् / द् in such verbal forms?

  1. Voicing assimilation (झलां जश् झशि), by which a voiceless stop becomes its voiced counterpart before a voiced sound Correct answer.
  2. Visarga-rत्व, by which a final visarga becomes र्
  3. Dīrgha substitution of savarṇa vowels
  4. Guṇa substitution of the root vowel

Explanation

The rule झलां जश् झशि replaces a voiceless stop (झल्) with its voiced counterpart (जश्) when a voiced sound (झश्) follows. Thus त् becomes द् before voiced elements, as in अदात् → अदाद् in connected speech. This is consonant assimilation, not a vowel or visarga rule.

Question 40Sanskrit Grammar: Sandhi and Word Formation

The compound अनुगङ्गम् (along the Ganges) is traditionally analysed as an अव्ययीभाव. Which feature in the vigraha confirms this classification?

  1. The members are coordinated by च
  2. The compound denotes a person who possesses the Ganges
  3. The second member गङ्गा is a numeral
  4. The first member अनु is an indeclinable prefix and the whole compound is used adverbially Correct answer.

Explanation

In an अव्ययीभाव the first member is an indeclinable (here अनु) and the compound as a whole functions as an indeclinable adverb, as in गङ्गामनु. The meaning is 'along the Ganges', not a person or a pair. The presence of an indeclinable prefix is the decisive test.

Question 41Sanskrit Grammar: Noun and Pronoun Declension (Shabda Rupa)

राम शब्द के तृतीया एकवचन का रूप कौन है?

  1. रामस्य
  2. रामाय
  3. रामात्
  4. रामेण Correct answer.

Explanation

अकारान्त पुल्लिंग 'राम' में तृतीया एकवचन का प्रत्यय '-एन' होता है, अतः रूप 'रामेण' बनता है। यह करण और सहयोग के अर्थ में प्रयुक्त होता है।

Question 42Sanskrit Grammar: Noun and Pronoun Declension (Shabda Rupa)

'लता' शब्द के द्वितीया बहुवचन का सही रूप कौन है?

  1. लताभिः
  2. लते
  3. लतानाम्
  4. लताः Correct answer.

Explanation

आकारान्त स्त्रीलिंग 'लता' में द्वितीया बहुवचन का प्रत्यय '-ाः' है, अतः 'लताः' रूप बनता है। यह कर्मकारक के बहुवचन में प्रयुक्त होता है।

Question 43Sanskrit Grammar: Noun and Pronoun Declension (Shabda Rupa)

'मुनि' शब्द के प्रथमा एकवचन का रूप कौन है?

  1. मुनिना
  2. मुनिम्
  3. मुनये
  4. मुनिः Correct answer.

Explanation

इकारान्त पुल्लिंग 'मुनि' में प्रथमा एकवचन का प्रत्यय '-ः' होता है, अतः 'मुनिः' रूप सिद्ध होता है। यह कर्तृकारक के एकवचन में प्रयुक्त होता है।

Question 44Sanskrit Grammar: Noun and Pronoun Declension (Shabda Rupa)

'फल' शब्द के षष्ठी बहुवचन का रूप कौन है?

  1. फलानाम् Correct answer.
  2. फलेषु
  3. फलेभ्यः
  4. फलैः

Explanation

अकारान्त नपुंसक 'फल' में षष्ठी बहुवचन का प्रत्यय '-आनाम्' होता है, अतः 'फलानाम्' रूप बनता है। यह संबंध कारक के बहुवचन में आता है।

Question 45Sanskrit Grammar: Noun and Pronoun Declension (Shabda Rupa)

'तत्' सर्वनाम के प्रथमा एकवचन नपुंसक का रूप कौन है?

  1. तानि
  2. सः
  3. तौ
  4. तत् Correct answer.

Explanation

'तत्' शब्द का नपुंसकलिंग प्रथमा एकवचन 'तत्' ही होता है, जिसमें अंतिम 'त्' व्यंजन रहता है। पुल्लिंग में इसका रूप 'सः' होता है।

Question 46Sanskrit Grammar: Noun and Pronoun Declension (Shabda Rupa)

'अस्मद्' सर्वनाम के तृतीया एकवचन का रूप कौन है?

  1. मम
  2. मत्
  3. मह्यम्
  4. मया Correct answer.

Explanation

अस्मद् शब्द का तृतीया एकवचन 'मया' होता है। सर्वनाम होने के कारण इसके रूप प्रकृति से भिन्न सिद्ध होते हैं।

Question 47Sanskrit Grammar: Noun and Pronoun Declension (Shabda Rupa)

'गो' शब्द के प्रथमा बहुवचन का रूप कौन है?

  1. गोभिः
  2. गवः
  3. गावः Correct answer.
  4. गवाम्

Explanation

'गो' शब्द में प्रथमा बहुवचन का रूप 'गावः' होता है, जिसमें 'ओ' का दीर्घ 'आ' हो जाता है। यह विशेष संज्ञा-रूप है।

Question 48Sanskrit Grammar: Noun and Pronoun Declension (Shabda Rupa)

'सखि' शब्द के प्रथमा बहुवचन का रूप कौन है?

  1. सखिनः
  2. सखायः Correct answer.
  3. सखयः
  4. सखीनि

Explanation

'सखि' शब्द में प्रथमा बहुवचन 'सखायः' होता है, क्योंकि इसके रूप में 'अय्' आदेश होता है। यह अकारान्त के समान नहीं चलता।

Question 49Sanskrit Grammar: Noun and Pronoun Declension (Shabda Rupa)

'कवि' शब्द के द्वितीया बहुवचन का रूप कौन है?

  1. कवयः
  2. कवीन् Correct answer.
  3. कवीन् इति
  4. कविभिः

Explanation

इकारान्त पुल्लिंग 'कवि' में द्वितीया बहुवचन का प्रत्यय '-ईन्' होता है, अतः 'कवीन्' रूप बनता है। यह कर्मकारक बहुवचन में आता है।

Question 50Sanskrit Grammar: Noun and Pronoun Declension (Shabda Rupa)

'नदी' शब्द के सप्तमी एकवचन का रूप कौन है?

  1. नद्याम् Correct answer.
  2. नद्यै
  3. नद्याः
  4. नदीषु

Explanation

ईकारान्त स्त्रीलिंग 'नदी' में सप्तमी एकवचन का प्रत्यय '-आम्' है, जिससे 'नद्याम्' रूप बनता है। यह अधिकरण कारक में प्रयुक्त होता है।