Haryana BSEH Senior Secondary NSQF Apparel Made-Ups and Home Furnishing flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Made-ups

Stitched textile articles other than garments, such as bags, aprons, cushion covers, and soft toys, produced to a measurement specification and sold as finished units.

Home furnishing

Textile products used in the home, including bed linen, curtains, towels, upholstery, table linen, and floor coverings, usually sold in coordinated size sets.

Cotton count (Ne)

An indirect yarn numbering system where a higher number means a finer yarn; for example 40s cotton yarn is finer than 20s cotton yarn.

GSM

Grams per square metre, the standard measure of fabric weight; higher GSM generally indicates a heavier, denser, and more durable fabric.

Plain weave

The simplest woven structure, with each warp end passing alternately over and under each weft pick, giving a firm, stable, and relatively flat fabric.

Grain line

A marked line on a pattern piece showing the direction of the warp yarns; it must be placed parallel to the fabric lengthwise direction when cutting.

Grading

The process of systematically increasing or decreasing pattern dimensions from a base size to produce a full size range while preserving fit proportions.

Marker efficiency

The ratio of the total area of pattern pieces to the total area of the marker, expressed as a percentage; a higher figure means less fabric waste.

French seam

A seam in which the raw edges are enclosed inside a stitched fold, giving a neat finish on both sides; used on sheer and lightweight fabrics.

Flat fell seam

A strong lapped seam with both raw edges folded inside and twin needle rows visible on one side; commonly used on denim jeans and shirt side seams.

Stitch density

The number of stitches per inch or per centimetre along a seam; it must suit the fabric, since too few weaken the seam and too many perforate it.

Fitted sheet

A bed sheet with elasticated corners or a full elastic hem that holds it around the mattress; its cut size must allow for mattress depth plus tuck-under.

Fullness ratio

The fabric width divided by the window width for a curtain; it determines how gathered or pleated the finished curtain appears.

Martindale test

An abrasion test that rubs fabric against a standard abrasive under controlled pressure and reports the number of rubs before visible wear.

Half drop repeat

A design repeat in which each alternate row of motifs is shifted by half the repeat width, producing a staggered layout on the fabric.

Colourway

One of several colour versions of the same design or print, developed so a single artwork can be offered in different palettes for a collection.

Colour separation

The process of dividing a design into individual colour layers, each of which becomes a separate screen for printing.

Discharge printing

A printing method in which a chemical paste removes dye from a dyed ground fabric, leaving a lighter pattern where the paste was applied.

Appliqué

A surface decoration technique in which cut fabric shapes are stitched onto a base fabric, often with a satin stitch or blanket stitch edge.

Overlock machine

A machine that trims the seam allowance and encases the raw edge with interlooped threads, producing a stretchable, non-fraying edge finish.

Ball-point needle

A sewing needle with a rounded tip that pushes between knit loops instead of cutting them, preventing laddering and holes in knitted fabric.

Feed dog

The toothed component beneath the needle plate that grips and moves the fabric forward by a set amount with each stitch cycle.

SAM

Standard allowed minute: the time permitted to complete one operation under standard conditions, used for costing, capacity planning, and line balancing.

Line balancing

The allocation of operations to operators so that each workstation's cycle time is close to the bottleneck time, minimising idle time and work-in-progress.

AQL

Acceptable quality level: the maximum defect rate considered acceptable in a lot, used to decide sample size and accept or reject criteria in inspection.

FOB price

Free on board price: the price of goods delivered to the port of shipment, excluding freight and insurance, commonly quoted by garment exporters.

Break-even quantity

The number of units that must be sold for total revenue to equal total cost, calculated as fixed costs divided by contribution per unit.

Market segmentation

The division of a market into groups of buyers with similar needs, such as by age, income, occasion, or region, so that offers can be targeted.

Marketing mix

The combination of product, price, place, and promotion that a business uses to reach its target customers and position its offer.

Lockout/tagout

A safety procedure that isolates a machine from its energy source and locks it off with a tag before cleaning, servicing, or repair work begins.

Waste hierarchy

The priority order for managing waste: prevent or reduce first, then reuse, then recycle, and dispose only as a last resort.

Active listening

A communication skill involving full attention, no interruption, paraphrasing the speaker's meaning, and asking clarifying questions to confirm understanding.

7Cs of communication

Clear, concise, concrete, correct, coherent, complete, and courteous - a checklist for judging whether a written or spoken message is effective.