Haryana BSEH Senior Secondary NSQF Media and Entertainment key terms

The sequence of stages through which content passes from an idea to the audience: development, production, post-production, distribution and marketing, plus the support services around them. Knowing the chain helps you see where your job sits and who you depend on.

A service that delivers video or audio over the public internet directly to viewers, bypassing cable or satellite operators. Examples include subscription and advertising-funded streaming apps that commission, license and stream content.

A broadcaster funded mainly by the state or a licence fee rather than advertising, with a duty to inform, educate and entertain the whole population. It usually carries public-interest programming such as news, education and regional content.

A structured check of a workplace or shoot to identify what could cause harm, how likely and how serious it is, and what controls will reduce it. It is recorded and reviewed before work starts.

Gear worn by a worker to reduce exposure to hazards, such as helmets, safety shoes, gloves, harnesses, earplugs and high-visibility vests. It is the last line of defence, used after hazards have been removed or controlled by other means.

Designing tasks, tools and workstations to fit the human body, so that strain, repetitive injury and fatigue are reduced. In media work it covers monitor height, chair support, and safe lifting of cameras, lights and battery packs.

Giving full attention to a speaker, noticing tone and body language, and confirming understanding by summarising or asking questions before replying. On set it prevents costly mistakes when instructions and timings are being exchanged.

A short written summary of what a client or producer wants: purpose, audience, message, deliverables, format, deadline and budget. The team checks it before work begins so that everyone is aiming at the same result.

The accepted manners and habits of a workplace: arriving on time, dressing appropriately, introducing yourself, keeping quiet during takes, respecting hierarchy and answering messages promptly. It builds trust and marks you as someone crews want to rehire.

The ability to notice and manage your own feelings and to read and respond to other people's. It helps you stay calm under deadline pressure, take criticism without defensiveness and defuse tension in a tired crew.

An agreed pattern for naming files so they sort logically and can be found later, for example project, date, scene and version number. It prevents overwriting, avoids duplicates and makes handing over work to others predictable.

Data about a file rather than its content: creation date, author, camera model, duration, resolution, keywords and copyright details. Editors, archives and search tools use it to sort, find and verify material quickly.

A second copy of your work kept separately from the original. The common 3-2-1 rule asks for three copies, on two different types of storage, with one stored off-site, so a single failure cannot destroy the footage.

The adjustable opening in a lens that controls how much light reaches the sensor. It is measured in f-stops; lower numbers open the iris wider and blur the background more, higher numbers admit less light and deepen focus.

The length of time the camera sensor is exposed to light for each frame. Short exposures freeze fast action; long exposures blur motion. In video it is usually set near twice the frame rate, such as 1/50 second at 25 fps, for natural motion.

The camera's sensitivity setting to light. Raising ISO brightens a dim image but adds visible grain or noise; lowering it gives a cleaner picture and is preferred whenever the lighting allows.

A camera setting that tells the sensor what should look neutral white, so colours do not come out too orange or too blue under different lights. It is set to daylight, tungsten or a custom reading.

A composition guide that divides the frame into a three-by-three grid and places key subjects and horizon lines along those lines or intersections. It usually produces a more balanced, dynamic image than centring everything.

The space left between the top of a subject's head and the upper edge of the frame. Too little looks cramped, too much looks empty; interviews usually sit with a small, even margin.

A standard setup using a key light for the main modelling, a fill light to soften shadows, and a back light to separate the subject from the background. It gives controlled, professional-looking portraits and interviews.

The map of how sensitive a microphone is to sound arriving from different directions. Common patterns are omnidirectional, cardioid and hypercardioid; the choice decides how much background or room sound is picked up.

A DC voltage, usually 48 volts, sent along the microphone cable by the mixer or recorder to power condenser microphones and active DI boxes. It must be switched off for microphones that do not need it.

A small clip-on microphone worn on the chest, used for interviews and to-camera pieces because it stays close to the mouth and leaves the hands free. It needs careful placement to avoid rustle and clothing noise.

Sound that logically exists within the story world, such as dialogue, footsteps, a door slam or a radio the characters can hear. It is distinct from music or narration added only for the audience.

Everyday sound effects performed and recorded in a studio in time with the picture, such as footsteps, cloth movement or handling props. Foley replaces thin location sound and makes the scene feel physically believable.

Automatically lowering the volume of one audio track, usually music or ambience, when another sound such as dialogue plays, then bringing it back. It keeps speech clear without constant manual mixing.

Editing software that lets you jump to any point in the footage and rearrange, trim or delete clips freely, with changes applied instantly. It contrasts with tape-based linear editing, where scenes had to be cut in order.

Supplementary footage cut into a piece to illustrate what the narration or interview is describing, or to cover edits. It adds visual variety and is shot in advance from the shot list.

Adjusting and stylising the colour of finished footage so shots match each other and the programme has a consistent look. It covers exposure, contrast, saturation, white balance and creative looks.

The computer process of calculating the final video from the timeline, including effects, transitions, titles and colour, and writing it to a playable file. Settings such as resolution, codec and bitrate are chosen at export.

The proportion of an image's width to its height, written as 16:9 or 9:16. It governs how footage is framed and how it must be reframed for cinema, television or vertical phone platforms.

A marker that records the value of a setting, such as position, scale or opacity, at a particular moment. The software interpolates between keyframes to create animation or gradual change.

An image built from mathematical paths and shapes rather than a grid of pixels, so it can be scaled to any size without becoming blurry. Logos, icons and lower-third graphics are usually made this way.

The daily schedule issued to cast and crew, listing call times, locations, contacts, scenes to be shot, equipment needed and safety notes. Everyone relies on it to know where to be and when.

The final version of a script prepared for production, with scene numbers and shot information, used to plan the schedule and to match footage to the written scene during editing.

The legal right of a creator to control copying, distribution and adaptation of an original work for a fixed period. In production, music, footage and images need permission or a licence before use.

Working for yourself on short-term contracts for different clients rather than as a salaried employee. It requires finding work, quoting, invoicing, paying your own tax and managing irregular income.

A short, tightly edited collection of your best work that demonstrates your skills to a potential employer or client. It is usually one to two minutes long and shows range, quality and your specific role.

A written price offered to a client for a defined scope of work, listing items, rates, taxes and validity. It becomes the basis of the contract once accepted, so unclear inclusions cause disputes later.