BSF Paramedical key terms

A form of logical reasoning in which two or more premises are given and a conclusion is drawn that must follow if the premises are accepted as true.

A statement accepted as a starting point in an argument or reasoning problem, from which a conclusion is derived in logic questions.

The final statement in a reasoning problem that is claimed to follow from the given premises, which the candidate must judge as valid or invalid.

A diagram using overlapping circles to represent sets and their relationships, commonly used to solve syllogism and set-based reasoning questions quickly.

A reasoning problem type describing family relationships through statements, requiring the candidate to determine how two people are related.

A reasoning question type where letters, words, or numbers are transformed by a rule, and the candidate must apply or identify the rule.

A relationship-based reasoning item presenting one pair of related items and asking the candidate to complete a second pair following the same relationship.

A reasoning task in which a group of items shares a common property and the candidate identifies the item that does not fit.

A reasoning item presenting a sequence of numbers, letters, or figures following a pattern, where the candidate finds the missing or next term.

A reasoning topic about movement along compass directions, requiring calculation of final position, distance, or facing direction from a starting point.

A puzzle type where people are placed in rows or around a table under given conditions, and the candidate determines the complete arrangement.

A reasoning problem that provides several conditional clues about people, days, or objects, and requires building a consistent arrangement from them.

Reasoning based on figures, patterns, rotations, and mirror images rather than words or numbers, testing visual-spatial analysis.

Basic freedoms guaranteed to citizens by Part III of the Indian Constitution, including equality, speech, and life, enforceable through courts.

Guidelines in Part IV of the Indian Constitution directing the state toward social and economic welfare, not directly enforceable in courts.

The supreme law of India, adopted on 26 November 1949 and effective 26 January 1950, defining government structure and citizens' rights.

A three-tier system of local self-government in rural India, established by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992.

A seasonal reversal of wind direction that brings heavy rainfall to India, with the southwest monsoon being the main rainy season.

The line of latitude about 23.5 degrees north of the equator, which passes through the middle of India and influences its climate.

Obligations listed in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution, added by the 42nd Amendment, asking citizens to respect the Constitution and national symbols.

A way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100, used to compare quantities and solve problems involving increase, decrease, and proportion.

A ratio compares two quantities of the same kind, while a proportion states that two ratios are equal, enabling comparison and scaling of values.

A technique that first finds the value of one unit and then multiplies it to obtain the value of the required number of units.

Interest calculated only on the original principal for a given period, using the formula principal times rate times time divided by one hundred.

Interest calculated on both the original principal and previously earned interest, so the amount grows faster than under simple interest.

Commercial arithmetic dealing with cost price, selling price, and the resulting gain or loss, usually expressed as a percentage of cost price.

A numerical topic relating distance travelled to speed and time, often extended to trains, boats, and relative motion problems.

The sum of a set of values divided by the number of values, used to represent a central or typical value of the data.

A well-defined collection of distinct objects or numbers, used in reasoning and data problems to group and compare items.

A word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word, tested in vocabulary questions within comprehension sections.

A word with a meaning opposite to another word, used in English sections to test the candidate's grasp of word relationships.

The body of words a person understands and uses, assessed through synonym, antonym, one-word substitution, and idiom questions.

A fixed expression whose meaning cannot be understood from its individual words, such as 'break the ice' meaning to start a conversation.

A group of words that functions as a single unit in a sentence but does not contain both a subject and a finite verb.

A group of words containing a subject and a verb, which may stand alone as a sentence or form part of a larger sentence.

A sentence construction in which the subject performs the action of the verb, as in 'The nurse gave the injection'.

A sentence construction in which the subject receives the action, formed with a form of 'be' plus the past participle.

The two ways of reporting speech: quoting the speaker's exact words, or reporting the meaning with adjusted pronouns, tense, and time words.

Core physiological measurements including temperature, pulse, respiration rate, and blood pressure that indicate a patient's basic body function.

The force exerted by circulating blood against artery walls, recorded as systolic over diastolic pressure in millimetres of mercury.

The rhythmic expansion of an artery felt with the fingers, reflecting each heartbeat and commonly counted at the radial artery.

The practice of keeping wounds, equipment, and the environment free of disease-causing microorganisms to prevent infection during care.

The complete destruction or removal of all microorganisms, including spores, from equipment and supplies using heat, chemicals, or radiation.

The process of reducing or killing harmful microorganisms on surfaces and instruments, though not necessarily destroying all bacterial spores.

Measures such as hand hygiene, protective equipment, and safe waste handling used to prevent the spread of infection in health settings.

Delivery of medication into muscle tissue, commonly into the deltoid or gluteal region, using a needle at a suitable angle and depth.

Administration of fluids or drugs directly into a vein, giving rapid effect and allowing controlled delivery through a cannula or drip.

Standard infection-control practices applied to all patients to avoid contact with blood and body fluids, including gloves and safe sharps disposal.

The process of sorting patients by urgency of condition in emergencies so that limited resources reach those needing care most urgently.