CG Police Constable cheat sheet

Chhattisgarh was carved out of Madhya Pradesh on 1 November 2000 under the Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000; Raipur is the capital and the state has 33 districts (as of 2024).

The Governor of Chhattisgarh is appointed by the President of India; the Chief Minister is the head of the state government and is appointed by the Governor.

The Rajya Sabha has a maximum strength of 250 members (238 elected + 12 nominated); the Lok Sabha has a maximum of 552 members (530 states + 20 UTs + 2 Anglo-Indians, the latter provision expired in 2020).

The President of India is elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both Houses of Parliament and elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of States and UTs with legislatures.

The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is a statutory body established in 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.

The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India is appointed by the President and holds office for 6 years or until age 65, whichever is earlier.

Important dates: Republic Day – 26 January; Independence Day – 15 August; Constitution Day (Samvidhan Divas) – 26 November; National Voters' Day – 25 January; Chhattisgarh State Formation Day – 1 November.

The Nobel Prize 2023 in Physics was awarded to Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L'Huillier for experimental methods generating attosecond pulses of light; Chemistry to Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus and Alexei Ekimov for quantum dots.

The 2024 Summer Olympics were held in Paris, France; India won 6 medals (1 silver, 5 bronze).

Newton's three laws: (1) an object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net external force; (2) F = ma; (3) every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

Ohm's law: V = IR, where V is voltage (volts), I is current (amperes), R is resistance (ohms). Power P = VI = I²R = V²/R.

pH scale: pH < 7 acidic, pH = 7 neutral, pH > 7 basic; pH = -log[H⁺]. Human blood pH is about 7.4.

Photosynthesis equation: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂; occurs in chloroplasts, chlorophyll is the pigment.

The human heart has four chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle; the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta.

Blood groups: A, B, AB, O; O-negative is the universal donor, AB-positive is the universal recipient. Rh factor is an antigen on red blood cells.

The speed of light in vacuum is approximately 3 × 10⁸ m/s; sound travels faster in solids than in liquids and gases.

The chemical symbol for gold is Au (from Latin aurum), silver is Ag (argentum), iron is Fe (ferrum), sodium is Na (natrium), potassium is K (kalium).

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell; ribosomes synthesize proteins; the nucleus contains genetic material (DNA).

Indus Valley Civilisation sites: Harappa (Punjab, Pakistan), Mohenjo-daro (Sindh), Lothal (Gujarat), Kalibangan (Rajasthan), Dholavira (Gujarat), Rakhigarhi (Haryana).

Maurya Empire: Chandragupta Maurya (321–297 BCE) founded it with Chanakya's help; Ashoka (268–232 BCE) embraced Buddhism after the Kalinga war (261 BCE).

Gupta Empire: Chandragupta I (320–335 CE) founded it; Samudragupta and Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) expanded it; known as the Golden Age of India.

Mughal Empire: Babur founded it after the First Battle of Panipat (1526) against Ibrahim Lodi; Akbar (1556–1605) established Din-i-Ilahi and abolished jizya.

Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 in Bombay; the first president was W.C. Bonnerjee. The partition of Bengal in 1905 led to the Swadeshi Movement.

Mahatma Gandhi led the Champaran Satyagraha (1917), Kheda Satyagraha (1918), Non-Cooperation Movement (1920), Salt Satyagraha/Dandi March (1930), and Quit India Movement (1942).

Chhattisgarh history: the region was part of the Maurya, Gupta, and Kalachuri dynasties; the Kalachuri (Haihaya) dynasty ruled from Ratanpur and later shifted to Raipur.

The British created the Chhattisgarh Division in 1854 with headquarters at Raipur; after independence it merged into Madhya Pradesh in 1956 and became a separate state on 1 November 2000.

Veer Surendra Sai (1809–1884) led a rebellion against the British in the Sambalpur region (now in Odisha), which included parts of Chhattisgarh.

The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950.

The Preamble declares India a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic and secures Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity for all citizens.

Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12–35) include the Right to Equality (14–18), Right to Freedom (19–22), Right against Exploitation (23–24), Right to Freedom of Religion (25–28), Cultural and Educational Rights (29–30), and Right to Constitutional Remedies (32).

Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV, Articles 36–51) are non-justiciable guidelines for governance; Article 44 mentions a Uniform Civil Code.

Fundamental Duties (Part IVA, Article 51A) were added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee.

The President is the head of state and supreme commander of the armed forces; the Prime Minister is the head of government and leader of the Council of Ministers.

The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial body; Article 32 provides the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights (called the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar).

The Election Commission of India (Article 324) conducts elections to Parliament, State Legislatures, and the offices of President and Vice-President.

Chhattisgarh has 11 Lok Sabha seats and 90 Vidhan Sabha seats; it has 5 Rajya Sabha seats.

India's standard meridian is 82°30' E, passing through Mirzapur (Uttar Pradesh), which sets Indian Standard Time (IST = UTC+5:30).

India's latitudinal extent is 8°4' N to 37°6' N and longitudinal extent is 68°7' E to 97°25' E; the Tropic of Cancer (23°30' N) passes through 8 states.

Major rivers: Ganges (origin Gangotri), Brahmaputra (origin Mansarovar), Indus (origin Tibet), Godavari (origin Nashik), Narmada and Tapti flow westward.

Chhattisgarh is located in central-east India, bordered by Madhya Pradesh (north-west), Maharashtra (west), Telangana (south), Odisha (east), Jharkhand (north-east), and Uttar Pradesh (north).

Chhattisgarh's major rivers: Mahanadi (originates near Farsiya village in Dhamtari district), Sheonath, Hasdeo, Indravati, Arpa, and Pairi.

Chhattisgarh has 44% forest cover (as per India State of Forest Report 2021), one of the highest among Indian states; it is rich in sal, teak, and bamboo forests.

Chhattisgarh's climate is tropical wet-dry; the state receives monsoon rainfall from June to September, with average annual rainfall around 1,200–1,500 mm.

Major crops of Chhattisgarh: rice (main food crop), maize, wheat, pulses, and oilseeds; the state is known as the 'Rice Bowl of India'.

Chhattisgarh's mineral resources include iron ore (Bailadila), coal (Korba, Raigarh), bauxite, tin, and limestone; it is a major producer of coal and iron ore.

GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period; GNP = GDP + net factor income from abroad.

Inflation is measured in India by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Wholesale Price Index (WPI); the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) uses CPI for monetary policy targeting (4% ± 2%).

The Reserve Bank of India was established on 1 April 1935; it is the central bank and regulates monetary policy, currency issuance, and banking.

Indian agriculture employs about 45% of the workforce but contributes around 18% to GDP; the Green Revolution (1960s) increased food grain production.

Chhattisgarh's economy is primarily agrarian; rice is the main crop, and the state is a leading producer of rice, contributing significantly to the central pool.

Chhattisgarh is rich in minerals: it is the largest producer of tin and a major producer of coal, iron ore, and bauxite; the Bhilai Steel Plant (SAIL) is a major industrial unit.

Chhattisgarh's Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) has been growing; the state has special focus on tribal development and rural economy.

The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) provides crop insurance to farmers; the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) provides short-term credit.

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) guarantees 100 days of unskilled wage employment per rural household per year.

Number series: identify the pattern (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, squares, cubes, or alternating patterns) to find the missing term.

Alphabet series: A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26; opposite letters sum to 27 (A↔Z, B↔Y, etc.).

Coding-decoding: letter shifting (e.g., each letter +1), reversal, or substitution; for number coding, assign values to letters and check consistency.

Blood relations: use a family tree; draw symbols for male (□), female (○), and relationships (horizontal = siblings, vertical = parent-child).

Direction sense: draw a compass (North up, South down, East right, West left); use Pythagoras to find shortest distance if needed.

Syllogism: use Venn diagrams; 'All A are B' means A is inside B; 'Some A are B' means overlap; 'No A is B' means disjoint.

Seating arrangement: for linear arrangements, note left/right facing; for circular, clockwise/counter-clockwise; fix one person and arrange others.

Analogy: find the relationship between the first pair and apply it to the second pair (e.g., doctor : hospital :: teacher : school).

Percentage: x% of y = (x/100) × y; to convert fraction to percentage, multiply by 100.

Profit and loss: Profit = SP − CP; Profit% = (Profit/CP) × 100; Loss% = (Loss/CP) × 100; SP = CP × (100 + Profit%)/100.

Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T)/100; Compound Interest (CI) = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1]; Amount = P + SI or P + CI.

Average = Sum of observations / Number of observations; to find the new average when a value is added/removed, adjust sum and count.

Speed = Distance / Time; to convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18; to convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5.

Time and work: If A can do a job in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x+y) days; work rate = 1/x per day.

Ratio and proportion: If a:b = c:d, then ad = bc; to divide a quantity in ratio a:b, parts are (a/(a+b)) × total and (b/(a+b)) × total.

Mensuration: Area of circle = πr²; circumference = 2πr; area of rectangle = l × b; volume of cylinder = πr²h; volume of sphere = (4/3)πr³.

Number system: LCM × HCF = product of two numbers; divisibility rules (e.g., by 3: sum of digits divisible by 3; by 9: sum of digits divisible by 9).

Chhattisgarhi is the official language of Chhattisgarh (along with Hindi); it is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the majority of the population.

Major festivals: Bastar Dussehra (celebrated for 75 days, unique to Bastar), Fagun Madai (tribal festival), Hareli (agricultural festival), Pola (cattle festival), and Teej.

Traditional dances: Pandavani (ballad singing, often by Tijan Bai), Panthi (a folk dance of the Satnami community), Raut Nacha (performed by Yadavs), and Karma (tribal dance).

Tribal communities: Gond, Baiga, Halba, Kamar, Bhatra, Muria, and Maria are major tribes; the Baiga are known for their unique tattooing and forest knowledge.

Cuisine: rice-based dishes like fara, muthia, and aamat (a sour soup); mahua liquor is traditionally brewed by tribal communities.

Handicrafts: bell metal (dhokra) art of Bastar, wrought iron craft of Kondagaon, and bamboo and cane work are famous.

Social customs: many tribes practice clan exogamy; the Ghotul is a traditional youth dormitory among the Muria tribe of Bastar.

Chhattisgarhi literature: prominent writers include Pandit Sundarlal Sharma, Shivshankar Shukla, and Keyur Bhushan; folk songs are called 'Dadaria' and 'Bihav'.

For male candidates: minimum height 168 cm (General/BC/OBC), 163 cm (SC/ST), and 160 cm (for candidates from hill areas); chest measurement: 81 cm unexpanded, 86 cm expanded (5 cm expansion).

For female candidates: minimum height 153 cm (General/BC/OBC) and 148 cm (SC/ST); there is no chest measurement requirement for females.

Physical Efficiency Test (PET): male candidates must complete 5 km run in 25 minutes; female candidates must complete 3 km run in 18 minutes (as per CG Police recruitment norms).

The PET is qualifying in nature; candidates who fail the run are disqualified regardless of written exam marks.

Physical Standard Test (PST) includes height, chest (for males), and weight (for females, usually proportionate to height).

Age relaxation: SC/ST/OBC and other reserved categories get relaxation as per government norms; ex-servicemen also get relaxation.

Vision standards: candidates must have normal colour vision and distant vision of 6/6 without glasses (or as specified in the notification).

Candidates should carry original documents for verification on the day of PST/PET; medical fitness certificate may be required.