CG Police Constable key terms

Basic rights guaranteed to citizens under Part III of the Indian Constitution, enforceable in courts through writs. They cover equality, freedom, protection from exploitation, religion, culture and education, and constitutional remedies.

Guidelines in Part IV of the Constitution directing the state toward social and economic welfare goals. They are not directly enforceable in courts but are fundamental in governance and lawmaking.

Eleven moral obligations listed in Article 51A of the Constitution, added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. They apply to citizens and are not directly enforceable by courts.

A formal application asking a High Court or the Supreme Court to enforce a fundamental right. The five writs are habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari and quo warranto.

The power of courts to examine laws and government actions and strike them down if they violate the Constitution. It flows from Articles 13, 32 and 226 and is a basic feature of the Constitution.

The principle, established in Kesavananda Bharati (1973), that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution in a way that destroys its essential features such as democracy, secularism and judicial review.

A formal change to the Constitution made under Article 368 by a special majority in Parliament. Some amendments also require ratification by at least half the state legislatures.

The introductory statement of the Constitution declaring India a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and listing justice, liberty, equality and fraternity as its objectives.

The three-tier system of rural local self-government at village, block and district levels, given constitutional status by the 73rd Amendment Act of 1992.

The assembly of all registered voters of a village panchayat area. It exercises powers at the village level and approves plans, budgets and beneficiary lists.

A mass movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920 to withdraw cooperation from British institutions. It was suspended in 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident.

Gandhi's campaign of deliberate law-breaking launched with the Dandi Salt March in 1930. It demanded complete independence and involved boycotts of salt laws and foreign cloth.

The 1942 mass movement demanding an immediate end to British rule, launched after the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee with the slogan 'Do or Die'.

A widespread uprising against British rule that began with sepoys at Meerut and spread across northern and central India. It is also called the First War of Independence.

The doctrine under which the East India Company and later the Crown claimed supreme authority over Indian princely states, controlling their foreign affairs and succession.

A policy applied by Lord Dalhousie under which princely states without a natural male heir were annexed by the British. It was used to annex Satara, Jhansi and Nagpur.

A ruling dynasty of Chhattisgarh centred at Ratanpur and later Raipur. Its rulers built temples and tanks and patronised Shaivism in the region between the 11th and 13th centuries.

A historic town in present-day Bilaspur district that served as the capital of the Kalachuri rulers of Chhattisgarh. It is known for its old temples and fort remains.

A regional organisation formed in the early twentieth century that raised demands for the social and political advancement of Chhattisgarhi people and later for a separate state.

The creation of Chhattisgarh as India's 26th state on 1 November 2000, carved out of sixteen southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh under the Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000.

A district in southern Chhattisgarh known for tribal culture, the Dandami Maria and Muria communities, the Bastar Dussehra festival and dense forests. Its headquarters is Jagdalpur.

A unique festival celebrated in Jagdalpur, Bastar, lasting about seventy-five days. It honours the local deity Danteshwari and involves rituals such as the Rath Parichalan and Pat Jatra.

A major Shakti temple at Dantewada in Chhattisgarh, dedicated to the goddess Danteshwari, the presiding deity of the former Bastar state and its royal family.

A major east-flowing river of Chhattisgarh, originating in the Eastern Ghats of Odisha and flowing through Bastar. It is a tributary of the Godavari and is known for the Chitrakote Falls.

A wide horseshoe-shaped waterfall on the Indravati River in Bastar district, Chhattisgarh. It is often called the Niagara of India and is a major tourist attraction.

A major peninsular river originating near Sihawa in Chhattisgarh's Dhamtari district. It flows east through Odisha to the Bay of Bengal and supports the Hirakud dam.

The fertile central plain of Chhattisgarh drained by the Mahanadi and its tributaries. It is a major rice-growing region and contains the state's largest urban centres.

A forest type found in Chhattisgarh that sheds leaves in the dry season. Common species include sal, teak, mahua and bamboo, supporting timber and tendu leaf collection.

Non-timber forest products such as tendu leaves, mahua flowers, tamarind and honey collected by forest-dependent communities. In Chhattisgarh, collection and trade are largely managed through cooperatives.

The Public Distribution System, a network of fair price shops supplying subsidised food grains to eligible households. Chhattisgarh's reforms are widely cited for improving rural food access.

A composite measure of average achievement in health, education and income, expressed between 0 and 1. It is published annually in the UNDP Human Development Report.

A sustained rise in the general price level of goods and services, reducing the purchasing power of money. It is commonly measured by the Consumer Price Index and Wholesale Price Index.

The interest rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities. Changes in it influence borrowing costs and inflation.

Gross Domestic Product, the total market value of final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given period. It is a standard measure of economic size.

A form of logical reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two or more given statements assumed true. Questions test whether the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises.

A reasoning topic in which relationships among family members are described through statements or coded symbols, and the candidate must determine how two persons are related.

A reasoning topic involving movement along north, south, east and west, often with turns. Candidates compute net displacement or the final facing direction.

A sequence of numbers following a hidden rule such as addition, multiplication or squares. The candidate identifies the pattern to find a missing or wrong term.

A numerical topic comparing two quantities of the same kind and equating two ratios. Problems often involve dividing amounts or finding unknown parts of a mixture.

The sum of a set of quantities divided by their number. It is used in problems involving runs scored, ages, speeds and combined groups.

A fraction expressed with denominator 100, used to compare quantities and compute increase, decrease, profit, loss and discount in arithmetic problems.

An Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in Chhattisgarh and treated variously as a dialect of Hindi or a distinct language. It has a rich oral folk tradition.

A traditional Chhattisgarhi folk storytelling form in which performers narrate episodes from the Mahabharata, usually with the tambura and kartal. Tijan Bai is a noted exponent.

A devotional folk dance of the Satnami community in Chhattisgarh, performed in a group around a central pole with rhythmic movements and songs honouring Guru Ghasidas.

A qualifying test in police recruitment measuring endurance through running or walking a set distance within a prescribed time. It is typically followed by measurement checks.

A recruitment check recording height, chest and weight against category-wise standards. Candidates failing the minimum measurements are disqualified before further stages.

A body measurement recorded in police recruitment as minimum chest girth and expansion on inhalation. Standards differ by gender and category as notified in the recruitment rules.

Awareness of current events, national and international affairs, sports, awards and public appointments. Police recruitment papers test recent developments alongside static facts.

Recent events of public importance from the last twelve to eighteen months, including government schemes, appointments, summits and sports results, tested in objective papers.

Fixed factual knowledge such as capitals, currencies, national parks, dances, books and authors, and important dates. It does not change with time and is tested directly.

Three principles describing the relation between force and motion: inertia, the relation of force to mass and acceleration, and equal and opposite reaction forces.

Work is done when a force moves an object, measured in joules. Energy is the capacity to do work and exists in forms such as kinetic, potential, chemical and electrical.

The internationally accepted system of measurement units, including metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole and candela, with derived units such as newton and joule.

Groups of organs working together, such as the digestive, circulatory, respiratory and nervous systems. Basic questions cover organ functions, blood groups and vitamins.

The process by which green plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make glucose and release oxygen, with chlorophyll acting as the light-absorbing pigment.