CHSE Odisha Elective Electronics study plan

Convert numbers between binary, decimal, octal and hexadecimal, and perform 8-bit subtraction using 1's and 2's complement with overflow check.

Write truth tables, canonical SOP/POS expressions and simplified Boolean expressions for 2- to 4-variable functions, and verify each simplification algebraically.

Minimise 3- and 4-variable Karnaugh maps, including don't-care conditions, and convert each result into a NAND-only or NOR-only gate realisation.

Design half adder, full adder, half subtractor and full subtractor from gate-level schematics, and explain how four full adders chain into a 4-bit ripple-carry adder.

Distinguish combinational from sequential circuits, and derive the truth table plus timing behaviour of SR, JK, D and T flip-flops, including race-around and its remedy.

Sketch the input and output characteristics of CE, CB and CC configurations and mark cut-off, active and saturation regions with typical numerical values.

Compute α from β and vice versa, apply the relation I_C = βI_B + (1+β)I_CBO, and use it to explain why the collector current rises with temperature.

Calculate I_C, I_B, V_CE and the operating point for fixed-bias, collector-feedback and voltage-divider bias circuits, and check each against the saturation and cut-off limits.

Describe the construction and operation of JFET and enhancement/depletion MOSFET, plot transfer and drain characteristics, and calculate g_m = 2I_DSS/|V_P| at a given V_GS.

Compare BJT and FET on input impedance, noise, thermal stability and switching speed, and state one practical application for each.

Contrast intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, describe doping with trivalent and pentavalent impurities, and apply the mass-action law n·p = n_i² to numerical examples.

Derive the diode equation from the Shockley model and sketch the V-I characteristic at two temperatures, explaining the roughly -2 mV/°C shift in forward drop.

Draw the waveforms of half-wave, centre-tap full-wave and bridge rectifiers and compute V_dc, I_dc, ripple factor, PIV, rectification efficiency and ripple frequency for a stated transformer secondary voltage.

Predict the output waveform of a positive and a negative clipper, a clamper and a Zener shunt regulator for given input amplitude and battery/Zener values.

Differentiate Zener breakdown from avalanche breakdown and calculate the series resistor required for a specified Zener current and load current.

Use the h-parameter model to compute voltage gain, current gain, input resistance and output resistance of a CE amplifier with and without an emitter bypass capacitor.

Classify class A, AB, B and C amplifiers by conduction angle and estimate maximum theoretical efficiency for each, and identify crossover distortion and its cure.

Identify the four negative-feedback topologies and calculate closed-loop gain, then state whether input and output resistance rise or fall in each case.

Compute the overall gain in decibels of a two-stage RC-coupled amplifier, and convert between power, voltage and current dB forms.

Compute gain, input resistance and bandwidth of inverting and non-inverting op-amp circuits, and apply the virtual-ground concept to a summing amplifier.

Apply Ohm's law, KVL, KCL, series-parallel reduction and voltage/current divider rules to multi-resistor networks with one or two sources, showing each reduction step.

Compute equivalent resistance, capacitance and inductance for series and parallel combinations, and calculate the RC and RL time constants and the 1-time-constant voltage value.

Read resistor colour codes and capacitor markings correctly, and choose a resistor wattage from a computed power dissipation value.

Explain the moving-coil galvanometer, convert one into an ammeter with a shunt and into a voltmeter with a multiplier, and compute the required resistance values.

Draw the CRO block diagram, explain how amplitude, period, frequency and phase are measured from the screen, and state the principle and one use of LDR, thermistor, strain gauge and thermocouple.

State the Barkhausen criterion, compute the frequency of an RC phase-shift oscillator and a Wien-bridge oscillator from given R and C values, and explain how the loop gain is maintained at unity.

Explain Hartley and Colpitt tank circuits, compute resonant frequency, and state why the Hartley version needs a tapped inductor while the Colpitt version uses a tapped capacitor.

Sketch the output of a biased clipper, a clamper, an RC differentiator and an RC integrator for sine and square inputs, and state the time-constant condition that must hold in each case.

Distinguish AM, FM and PM in terms of the parameter varied, and compute modulation index, sideband frequencies, bandwidth and total power for AM from given carrier and modulating values.

Explain with block diagrams the need for modulation, an AM transmitter and a superheterodyne receiver, and define selectivity, sensitivity and image frequency.

Compare unfiltered and capacitor-filtered half-wave and full-wave rectifier output, compute ripple voltage from I/(fC) and select a filter capacitor for a stated ripple target.

Explain series, shunt and Zener shunt regulators, and compute percentage line regulation and load regulation from given no-load and full-load voltages.

Analyse fixed 78xx and 79xx regulator circuits, calculate output voltage for an adjustable version using the resistor ratio, and estimate the heatsink requirement from power dissipation.

Draw the SMPS block diagram and contrast its efficiency, size and noise performance with a linear series regulator.

Draw a complete ±12 V dual regulated supply and label the transformer rating, diode PIV, filter capacitors and regulator pin connections.

Attempt two full-length mock papers under strict 3-hour exam conditions and tabulate the score obtained in each of the nine domains.

Rank the domains by mock score and run two 30-question drills on the two weakest domains until each reaches at least 70%.

Write a one-page formula sheet for all nine domains from memory, then open the books and mark every missing or wrong entry in red.

Re-solve every question recorded in the weeks 4 and 5 error logs without looking at the original solution, and confirm each correction.

Rehearse the standard definitions and derivations most often asked: diode equation, rectifier efficiency, Barkhausen criterion, modulation index and Zener regulation.