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Question 1Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
Which natural fibre is obtained from the stem of a plant and is commonly used in the Odisha handloom industry?
- Jute Correct answer.
- Silk
- Wool
- Cotton
Explanation
Jute is a bast fibre harvested from the stem of plants such as Corchorus species, and it is a major fibre in Odisha handloom weaving. Wool comes from animal fleece and silk from silkworm cocoons, while cotton is a seed hair. Only jute is a stem fibre among these choices.
Question 2Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
In the classification of textile fibres, which group contains only man-made regenerated fibres?
- Wool, silk, mohair
- Cotton, linen, ramie
- Viscose, acetate, modal Correct answer.
- Nylon, polyester, acrylic
Explanation
Regenerated fibres are made by dissolving a natural polymer and extruding it into new filaments, as with viscose, acetate and modal. Nylon, polyester and acrylic are fully synthetic, derived from petrochemicals. Cotton, linen and ramie are natural plant fibres, and wool, silk and mohair are natural animal fibres.
Question 3Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
A plain weave is produced when the weft yarn passes over one warp yarn and under the next. Which property best describes a plain-weave fabric?
- Maximum interlacement giving a firm, stable fabric Correct answer.
- Long floats giving a lustrous surface
- A pile surface raised from extra yarns
- A diagonal rib line across the fabric
Explanation
Plain weave has the highest possible number of interlacings, so the yarns are held firmly and the fabric is stable and durable. Long floats produce satin weaves, diagonal lines indicate twill weave, and raised pile comes from extra yarns or loop structures.
Question 4Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
Which tool is used in pattern making to add a uniform seam allowance along a curved neckline?
- Seam ripper
- French curve set Correct answer.
- Tailor's square
- Pinking shears
Explanation
A French curve set provides shaped edges that follow curved pattern lines, allowing an even seam allowance to be marked along necklines and armholes. A tailor's square is for straight right angles, a seam ripper removes stitches, and pinking shears cut a zigzag edge on fabric.
Question 5Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
Which body measurement is taken horizontally around the fullest part of the bust?
- Bust circumference Correct answer.
- Armhole depth
- Shoulder width
- Back waist length
Explanation
Bust circumference is measured horizontally around the body at the fullest part of the bust, keeping the tape parallel to the floor. Shoulder width is measured across the back between shoulder points, back waist length runs vertically, and armhole depth is a vertical measurement.
Question 6Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
Which stitch is a temporary stitch used to hold fabric layers together before final stitching?
- Blanket stitch
- Basting stitch Correct answer.
- Chain stitch
- Overlock stitch
Explanation
A basting stitch is a long, easily removed running stitch that temporarily holds layers in position during fitting or construction. Blanket stitch finishes raw edges decoratively, chain stitch is a looped embroidery stitch, and overlock stitch is a permanent edge-finishing stitch made by a machine.
Question 7Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
Which fibre is known for its high absorbency and is often blended with polyester to improve comfort in summer clothing?
- Nylon
- Glass fibre
- Cotton Correct answer.
- Polyester
Explanation
Cotton absorbs moisture readily and allows it to evaporate, so blending it with polyester gives a fabric that is more comfortable in warm weather. Polyester and nylon are hydrophobic and hold little moisture, while glass fibre is a technical fibre with no comfort absorbency.
Question 8Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
A student needs to transfer a pattern outline onto dark fabric where pencil marks are hard to see. Which method is most suitable?
- Iron-on adhesive tape
- Ballpoint pen directly on the fabric
- White correction fluid
- Tailor's chalk or tracing wheel with carbon paper Correct answer.
Explanation
Tailor's chalk is designed to mark fabric and shows clearly on dark colours, while a tracing wheel with dressmaker's carbon paper transfers pattern lines accurately. A ballpoint pen may bleed or stain, correction fluid damages the fabric surface, and adhesive tape does not mark an outline.
Question 9Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
Which weave structure produces a fabric with a smooth, lustrous face and a dull back because of long floats?
- Plain weave
- Basket weave
- Twill weave
- Satin weave Correct answer.
Explanation
Satin weave uses long floats of warp or weft yarns, giving a smooth lustrous face and a comparatively dull reverse. Plain weave has short interlacings, basket weave combines groups of yarns, and twill produces diagonal lines rather than a lustrous float face.
Question 10Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
What is the main purpose of adding ease to a pattern?
- To match the fabric print
- To increase the seam allowance
- To allow movement and comfort beyond the body measurements Correct answer.
- To shorten the garment length
Explanation
Ease is the difference between body measurements and finished garment measurements, added so the wearer can move and breathe comfortably. Seam allowance is a separate construction allowance, length is controlled by the pattern length, and print matching is a cutting consideration.
Question 11Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
Which fabric finish uses a chemical treatment to make cotton fabric resist wrinkling by cross-linking cellulose chains?
- Brushing
- Resin or durable-press finish Correct answer.
- Mercerising
- Calendering
Explanation
Resin and durable-press finishes cross-link cellulose chains in cotton, restricting the movement that causes wrinkles and helping the fabric hold its shape. Calendering presses the fabric between rollers, mercerising improves lustre and strength with alkali, and brushing raises a soft surface.
Question 12Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
A tailor is making a shirt from a striped fabric and wants the stripes to run vertically on the front body. Which grain direction should the pattern be placed along?
- Bias grain, at 45 degrees to the selvedge
- Any direction, because stripe direction does not matter
- Crosswise grain, with stripes parallel to the weft
- Lengthwise grain, with stripes parallel to the selvedge Correct answer.
Explanation
Placing the pattern on the lengthwise grain keeps the warp direction vertical on the body, so stripes that run parallel to the selvedge appear vertical. Crosswise placement turns stripes horizontal, bias placement distorts the stripe direction, and ignoring grain would cause the garment to hang unevenly.
Question 13Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
Which property of silk makes it suitable for lightweight sarees that drape closely to the body?
- Low extensibility and coarse fibre diameter
- High flexibility with good strength in fine filaments Correct answer.
- Very high moisture regain causing heavy weight
- High stiffness and rigidity
Explanation
Silk filaments are fine, strong and flexible, so fine silk fabrics drape softly and follow body contours. Silk is not stiff, its filaments are fine rather than coarse, and although it absorbs moisture it does not become heavy enough to lose drape.
Question 14Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
In garment construction, what is the function of a facing?
- To provide a decorative surface embroidery
- To finish and reinforce an edge such as a neckline or armhole Correct answer.
- To add stiffness to the hemline
- To join the sleeve to the body of the garment
Explanation
A facing is a separate piece of fabric attached to a raw edge, such as a neckline or armhole, turned to the inside and stitched to give a clean finish and some reinforcement. Joining sleeves is done by seams, embroidery is decorative, and hem stiffness comes from interfacing or stiffening.
Question 15Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
Why is a seam allowance of about 1.5 cm commonly added on curved seams before stitching?
- To reduce the need for stay stitching
- To make the seam stronger than a straight seam
- To provide extra fabric for future alterations
- To allow the seam to be trimmed, clipped and pressed without opening Correct answer.
Explanation
A curved seam needs enough allowance to be trimmed and clipped so it can be pressed flat and lie smoothly. It is not automatically stronger than a straight seam, the allowance is not primarily for future alterations, and stay stitching is still needed to control stretching.
Question 16Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
Which of the following best explains why mercerised cotton appears more lustrous than untreated cotton?
- The treatment increases the fibre's crimp
- The alkali treatment swells the fibre and makes it rounder and smoother Correct answer.
- The treatment adds a synthetic coating to the surface
- The treatment removes all natural waxes and oils
Explanation
Mercerisation swells the cotton fibre under tension, making the cross-section rounder and the surface smoother so light reflects more evenly and lustre increases. Wax removal alone does not create this effect, no synthetic coating is added, and the process reduces rather than increases crimp.
Question 17Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
A weaver wants a fabric that stretches along one direction for fitted sportswear. Which structure should be chosen?
- Rib weave with floats
- Nonwoven felt
- Plain-weave woven fabric
- Single jersey knit Correct answer.
Explanation
Single jersey knit is formed from interlocking loops, so it stretches readily, especially in the crosswise direction, making it suitable for fitted sportswear. Woven plain fabric, nonwoven felt and float-based rib weaves do not provide the same loop-based stretch.
Question 18Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
Which colour-fastness problem is most likely when a dark indigo cotton fabric is washed with pale garments in hot water?
- Dye bleeding and staining of the lighter fabrics Correct answer.
- Increased tensile strength of the indigo fabric
- Shrinkage of the pale garments only
- Permanent setting of the indigo colour
Explanation
Indigo and other dark dyes can bleed into the wash liquor, particularly in hot water, and redeposit on pale fabrics, causing staining. Shrinkage affects the fabric being washed, strength does not increase, and hot water tends to release dye rather than set it permanently.
Question 19Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
A pattern piece is cut on the bias for a cowl neckline. What is the main effect of this placement?
- The fabric loses all elasticity
- The fabric becomes stiffer and holds sharp creases
- The fabric drapes softly and stretches into curved folds Correct answer.
- The fabric shrinks permanently along the selvedge
Explanation
Bias grain lies at about 45 degrees to the warp and weft, where the fabric has the greatest stretch and softest drape, allowing a cowl to fall into curved folds. Bias placement does not stiffen the fabric, cause permanent selvedge shrinkage, or remove elasticity.
Question 20Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
Which combination of fibre and weave would best suit a durable, absorbent kitchen towel that must withstand repeated washing?
- Silk in a satin weave
- Wool in a twill weave
- Polyester in a plain weave
- Cotton in a plain weave with a terry pile Correct answer.
Explanation
Cotton is absorbent and strong when wet, plain weave gives stability, and a terry pile raises loops that increase absorbency and withstand repeated washing. Silk satin is delicate, polyester absorbs little, and wool is not ideal for a kitchen towel because of its felting and low wet absorbency.
Question 21Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
Which hand stitch is worked from left to right with small, even back stitches that overlap on the upper surface and is used for strong seams?
- Running stitch
- Cross stitch
- Back stitch Correct answer.
- Hemming stitch
Explanation
Back stitch is worked from left to right, with the needle brought back to overlap the previous stitch on the upper surface, producing a strong, continuous line of stitching. Running stitch is a simple in-and-out stitch, hemming stitch secures folded edges, and cross stitch forms decorative crosses.
Question 22Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
In a garment factory, what does the term 'marker' refer to in the cutting room?
- A layout plan showing pattern pieces arranged on the fabric Correct answer.
- A tool for marking buttonholes
- A label attached to finished garments
- A machine that stitches the seam
Explanation
A marker is the cutting-room layout that arranges pattern pieces on the fabric to use material efficiently and respect grain, shade and direction. It is not a buttonhole tool, a garment label, or a stitching machine.
Question 23Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
Which test would best distinguish wool from cotton when a fabric sample is burned?
- Wool smells of burnt hair and forms a crushable black ash; cotton smells of burning paper Correct answer.
- Both burn with a bright flame and leave no residue
- Wool melts into a hard bead; cotton forms a soft grey ash
- Wool smells of burning paper; cotton smells of burnt hair
Explanation
Wool is a protein fibre, so it smells of burnt hair and leaves a crushable black ash, while cotton is cellulose and smells of burning paper with soft grey ash. Melting into a hard bead indicates synthetic fibre, and neither fibre burns without residue.
Question 24Fundamentals of Fashion and Textiles
Which factor most directly determines the amount of seam allowance needed on a fabric that frays heavily?
- The colour of the sewing thread
- The length of the zipper
- The size of the button
- The fraying tendency of the fabric Correct answer.
Explanation
A fabric that frays heavily needs a wider seam allowance or an edge finish so that the seam does not open after wear. Thread colour, button size and zipper length affect appearance and construction but do not control how much allowance is required for fraying.
Question 25Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
Which natural fibre is obtained from the seed hair of a plant and is composed mainly of cellulose?
- Wool
- Jute
- Cotton Correct answer.
- Silk
Explanation
Cotton is a seed fibre harvested from the boll of the cotton plant, and its chemical composition is over 90 per cent cellulose. Jute is a bast fibre from the stem, while wool and silk are protein animal fibres.
Question 26Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
A fabric sample burns with a smell of burning hair and leaves a crushable black ash. Which fibre is most likely present?
- Polyester
- Cotton
- Viscose rayon
- Wool Correct answer.
Explanation
Protein fibres such as wool and silk give a burning-hair odour because of their keratin content and form a crushable ash bead. Cellulosic fibres smell like burning paper, and synthetics melt into a hard bead.
Question 27Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
In the standard cotton fibre morphology, what is the innermost central canal of the fibre called?
- Fibril
- Cuticle
- Lumen Correct answer.
- Convolution
Explanation
The lumen is the hollow central canal running along the cotton fibre, containing protoplasm during growth and later air. Convolutions are the natural twists of the fibre, and the cuticle is the outer waxy layer.
Question 28Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
Which property of wool chiefly gives it good resilience and warmth retention?
- Its natural crimp and scaly surface trapping air Correct answer.
- Its high cellulose content
- Its low moisture regain
- Its smooth, glass-like surface
Explanation
Wool has natural crimp and overlapping surface scales that trap still air, giving bulk, resilience and warmth. Wool also has high moisture regain, not low, and contains no cellulose.
Question 29Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
Which fibre is produced by the silkworm Bombyx mori and is secreted as a continuous filament?
- Flax
- Wool
- Jute
- Silk Correct answer.
Explanation
The silkworm Bombyx mori extrudes a continuous double filament of fibroin held together by sericin gum, which is silk. Wool is a staple animal hair, and jute and flax are plant bast fibres.
Question 30Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
A manufacturer wants a cheap, strong fibre for sacks and carpet backing. Which fibre best suits this end use?
- Cashmere
- Jute Correct answer.
- Nylon
- Silk
Explanation
Jute is a low-cost, strong bast fibre traditionally used for sacks, hessian and carpet backing. Silk and cashmere are expensive luxury fibres, and nylon costs more than jute for this bulk use.
Question 31Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
Which regenerated fibre is manufactured from wood pulp dissolved in a caustic soda and carbon disulphide solution?
- Viscose rayon Correct answer.
- Acrylic
- Polyester
- Acetate
Explanation
Viscose rayon is regenerated cellulose made by treating wood pulp with caustic soda and carbon disulphide to form a spinning solution. Acetate is also regenerated cellulose but uses acetic anhydride, while polyester and acrylic are fully synthetic.
Question 32Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
Which of the following is a bast fibre obtained from the stem of a plant?
- Coir
- Silk
- Cotton
- Flax Correct answer.
Explanation
Flax, the source of linen, is a bast fibre found in the stem bundles of the plant. Cotton is a seed fibre, coir comes from the coconut husk, and silk is an animal filament.
Question 33Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
Two yarns of the same cotton count are tested; one is made from combed cotton and the other from carded cotton. Which statement is correct?
- The carded yarn is smoother because carding removes more short fibres
- The combed yarn contains more short fibres and neps
- The combed yarn is smoother, stronger and more uniform Correct answer.
- Both yarns have identical strength because the count is the same
Explanation
Combing removes short fibres and neps and aligns the long fibres, so combed yarn is smoother, stronger and more even than carded yarn of the same count. Carding does not remove short fibres to the same degree.
Question 34Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
What does the term 'yarn count' express in a direct system such as tex?
- The length of yarn per unit mass
- The number of plies in the yarn
- The number of twists per metre
- The mass of yarn per unit length Correct answer.
Explanation
In direct systems such as tex, the count is the mass of yarn per fixed unit length, so a higher tex means a coarser yarn. Indirect systems such as cotton count use length per unit mass.
Question 35Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
A yarn is described as 2/60s cotton count. What does this mean?
- A single yarn of 120s count
- A yarn with 60 twists per inch and two plies
- Sixty plies of 2s yarn
- Two plies of 60s single yarn folded together Correct answer.
Explanation
In the notation 2/60s, the first figure gives the number of plies and the second gives the count of the single yarn before folding. So it is a two-ply yarn made from 60s single yarns.
Question 36Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
Which spinning system produces yarn by wrapping fibres around a core using a rotating perforated drum and air current?
- Ring spinning
- Doubling
- Rotor (open-end) spinning Correct answer.
- Worsted combing
Explanation
Rotor or open-end spinning uses a fast-rotating perforated rotor and air flow to collect and twist fibres into yarn, giving high production speed. Ring spinning uses a traveller and spindle, while doubling is a folding process.
Question 37Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
Why is a sized warp yarn used on a loom?
- To increase the twist level of the weft
- To reduce hairiness and abrasion during weaving Correct answer.
- To lower the moisture regain of the fabric
- To increase yarn elongation for knitting
Explanation
Sizing coats the warp with a starch or synthetic film that lays surface hairs and protects the yarn from abrasion and breakage during weaving. It is applied to warp, not weft, and its main purpose is protection, not moisture control.
Question 38Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
In a plain weave fabric, which description is correct?
- Each warp passes over two and under two weft yarns
- The warp floats over four weft yarns in a regular order
- Each warp passes alternately over one and under one weft yarn Correct answer.
- The fabric has a diagonal rib formed by long floats
Explanation
Plain weave is the simplest interlacing, where each warp end crosses alternately over one and under one weft pick. This gives a firm, flat fabric with maximum interlacing.
Question 39Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
A fabric shows a distinct diagonal line on its surface formed by progressive interlacing. Which weave is this?
- Pile weave
- Plain weave
- Twill weave Correct answer.
- Satin weave
Explanation
Twill weave produces a characteristic diagonal line because the interlacing points shift by one or more ends each pick. Plain weave gives a flat surface and satin gives long floats with no diagonal line.
Question 40Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
Which weave structure gives the smoothest, most lustrous fabric face because of long warp floats?
- Basket weave
- Twill weave
- Satin weave Correct answer.
- Plain weave
Explanation
Satin weave floats the warp over several weft yarns before interlacing, so the floats reflect light and give a smooth lustrous face. Plain and basket weaves interlace frequently and appear matte.
Question 41Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
What is the main purpose of a selvedge in a woven fabric?
- To prevent the edges from fraying and to strengthen them Correct answer.
- To indicate the direction of the weft
- To add a decorative pile to the border
- To give the fabric extra width
Explanation
The selvedge is the firmly woven edge of the fabric, made with extra ends or a special binding, which prevents fraying and strengthens the edge. It does not add width or indicate weft direction.
Question 42Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
Which knitting structure is made by a single set of needles where loops interlock in a zigzag path across the fabric width?
- Weaving
- Nonwoven bonding
- Weft knitting Correct answer.
- Warp knitting
Explanation
Weft knitting forms loops from a single yarn that runs across the width, as in hand knitting and circular knitting. Warp knitting uses many parallel warp yarns, and weaving and nonwoven bonding are different fabric-forming systems.
Question 43Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
A student needs a lightweight, warm fabric for winter knitwear that stretches easily. Which fabric structure is most suitable?
- A tightly woven plain cotton fabric
- A weft-knitted woollen fabric Correct answer.
- A satin-woven silk fabric
- A nonwoven bonded felt
Explanation
Weft-knitted woollen fabric combines the warmth of wool with the stretch and softness of knitted loops, ideal for winter knitwear. Woven plain cotton and satin silk have little stretch, and bonded felt lacks loop stretch.
Question 44Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
Which of the following is a nonwoven fabric?
- Denim
- Single jersey
- Felt Correct answer.
- Poplin
Explanation
Felt is a nonwoven made by matting and bonding fibres together without spinning or weaving. Denim and poplin are woven fabrics, and single jersey is a knitted fabric.
Question 45Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
Which fabric property is mainly improved by calendering a woven cotton fabric?
- Colour fastness to washing
- Tensile strength
- Surface smoothness and lustre Correct answer.
- Resistance to creasing
Explanation
Calendering passes the fabric between heated rollers under pressure, flattening the surface and giving smoothness and lustre. It does not add tensile strength or improve colour fastness, and any crease resistance is only temporary.
Question 46Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
Mercerisation of cotton fabric produces which main effect?
- Reduced moisture absorbency
- Permanent shrinkage of the fabric
- Increased flammability
- Increased lustre, strength and dye uptake Correct answer.
Explanation
Mercerisation treats cotton under tension with strong caustic soda, swelling the fibre and giving greater lustre, strength and dye affinity. It increases rather than reduces absorbency and does not cause permanent shrinkage.
Question 47Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
A plain-weave cotton fabric has 40 ends per inch and 30 picks per inch. What is its thread count per square inch?
- 1,200
- 70 Correct answer.
- 35
- 10
Explanation
Thread count per square inch is the sum of warp ends and weft picks in one inch, so 40 plus 30 equals 70. Multiplying or subtracting the two figures is not the definition of thread count.
Question 48Textile Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics
Which statement best explains why filament yarns generally appear smoother and more lustrous than staple yarns?
- Staple yarns have a higher twist multiplier than filament yarns
- Filament yarns have continuous parallel fibres with fewer protruding ends Correct answer.
- Staple yarns are always made from synthetic polymers
- Filament yarns contain more short fibres that reflect light
Explanation
Filament yarns consist of long continuous fibres lying parallel, so there are few loose ends to scatter light and the surface is smooth and lustrous. Staple yarns have many short fibre ends that create hairiness and a matte appearance.
Question 49Pattern Making and Grading
In the standard women's bodice block drafted to the CHSE size chart, which body measurement is used directly as the basis for calculating the back neck drop and shoulder slope?
- Bust circumference divided by four
- Across-back width plus ease
- Shoulder width measured across the back
- Back neck to waist length Correct answer.
Explanation
The back neck to waist length fixes the vertical position of the waistline relative to the nape, so it governs how the back neckline and shoulder line are placed on the draft. Shoulder slope is then set from the neck point using the measured shoulder drop. Bust circumference controls width calculations, not the neck drop.
Question 50Pattern Making and Grading
A trouser draft uses a body rise of 26 cm with 2 cm of fitting ease added at the crotch. What is the finished body rise used for drafting the front and back crotch depth line?
- 28 cm Correct answer.
- 30 cm
- 26 cm
- 24 cm
Explanation
Body rise is a vertical measurement, and ease added at the crotch increases the depth of the seat, so the drafted rise equals the measured rise plus the ease allowance. 26 cm plus 2 cm gives 28 cm. Subtracting ease would tighten the crotch and cause the garment to ride up.