Odisha CHSE +2 Vocational Information Technology flashcards
Odisha CHSE +2 Vocational Information Technology · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- von Neumann architecture
- A computer design in which the CPU, memory, input and output units share a single memory and bus for both data and instructions, so instructions are fetched and executed sequentially.
- RAM versus ROM
- RAM is volatile read-write working memory that loses its contents when power is off, while ROM is non-volatile memory holding firmware that retains data permanently.
- Cache memory
- A small, very fast memory between the CPU and main memory that stores recently used instructions and data to reduce average access time.
- Impact versus non-impact printers
- Impact printers such as dot matrix strike a ribbon against paper and can print carbon copies; non-impact printers such as inkjet and laser use ink or toner without striking.
- Absolute versus relative reference
- A relative reference such as A1 shifts when copied to another cell, whereas an absolute reference such as $A$1 stays fixed because the dollar signs lock column and row.
- VLOOKUP function
- A spreadsheet function that searches the first column of a range for a value and returns a cell from a specified column in the same row, using exact or approximate match.
- COUNTIF function
- A spreadsheet function that counts the cells in a range which satisfy a given criterion, such as counting all marks greater than or equal to sixty.
- IF function
- A logical spreadsheet function with the form IF(condition, value_if_true, value_if_false) that returns one of two results depending on whether the condition is met.
- Mail merge
- A word-processing feature that combines one main document with a data source of records to produce many personalised copies, such as letters or certificates.
- Style in word processing
- A named set of formatting settings for characters or paragraphs that can be applied consistently and used to build an automatic table of contents.
- Justified alignment
- A paragraph alignment in which text is stretched so that both the left and right edges are flush with the margins, adding extra space between words.
- Slide master
- A presentation template layer that stores fonts, colours, background and placeholder positions, so a change made once applies to every slide using that layout.
- Transition versus animation
- A transition is the visual effect between one slide and the next, while an animation controls how individual objects such as text or images appear on a slide.
- Raster versus vector image
- A raster image is a grid of pixels that blurs when enlarged, whereas a vector image uses mathematical paths and scales without loss of quality.
- Primary key
- A column or combination of columns whose value uniquely identifies each row of a table and which therefore cannot contain duplicates or nulls.
- Foreign key
- A column in one table that holds the primary key value of another table, creating a link between the tables and enforcing referential integrity.
- Third normal form
- A table is in third normal form when it is in second normal form and no non-key column depends transitively on another non-key column, removing redundancy.
- SQL SELECT statement
- The data query statement that names columns and a table, optionally filters rows with WHERE, groups with GROUP BY and orders results with ORDER BY.
- Flowchart decision symbol
- A diamond-shaped symbol in a flowchart that represents a condition with two or more exits, such as yes and no branches, controlling the flow of logic.
- While versus do-while loop
- A while loop tests its condition before executing the body and may run zero times, whereas a do-while loop tests after the body and runs at least once.
- Modulus operator
- An arithmetic operator, usually written as a percent sign, that divides two integers and returns the remainder, useful for testing even or odd numbers.
- Trace table
- A manual debugging table with one column per variable and one row per executed step, recording values to verify the logic of an algorithm.
- DNS
- The Domain Name System translates human-readable domain names such as example.com into numeric IP addresses that computers use to route requests.
- Bcc field
- The blind carbon copy field of an email sends a copy to recipients whose addresses are hidden from the other recipients listed in the message.
- HTTP versus HTTPS
- HTTP is the plain request-response protocol for transferring web pages, while HTTPS carries the same traffic encrypted with TLS, protecting data in transit.
- URL components
- A web address consists of a protocol, a domain name, an optional path to a resource and an optional query string, for example https://example.com/page?id=5.
- Star topology
- A network layout in which every device connects to a central switch or hub; failure of one cable affects one device, but failure of the centre stops all traffic.
- Private IP address ranges
- Non-routable IPv4 blocks reserved for local networks: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 and 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255.
- Phishing
- A social-engineering attack in which a fraudulent email or website impersonates a trusted party to trick a user into revealing passwords or financial details.
- Firewall
- Hardware or software that inspects network traffic and permits or blocks packets according to configured rules, protecting a network from unauthorised access.
- Wildcard characters
- In file names and search patterns, an asterisk matches any number of characters and a question mark matches exactly one character, as in *.docx.
- SMART objective
- A goal statement that is Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound, used in project planning and in writing resumes and reports.