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Odisha CHSE +2 Vocational Information Technology study materials
Odisha CHSE +2 Vocational Information Technology study resources

Odisha CHSE +2 Vocational Information Technology practice questions

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Question 1Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

Which unit is used to express the size of a computer's main memory, where one unit equals 1024 megabytes?

  1. Megabit
  2. Gigabyte Correct answer.
  3. Kilobyte
  4. Terabyte

Explanation

Main memory capacity is normally quoted in bytes and their powers-of-1024 multiples. One gigabyte is exactly 1024 megabytes, so it is the next unit above megabyte in this scale.

Question 2Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

In a desktop computer, which component is described as the 'brain' that fetches, decodes and executes program instructions?

  1. The hard disk drive
  2. The SMPS
  3. The CPU Correct answer.
  4. The RAM module

Explanation

The central processing unit performs the fetch-decode-execute cycle on program instructions. Storage and memory only hold data and instructions; they do not execute them.

Question 3Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

Which of the following is a volatile semiconductor memory used to hold the program currently being executed?

  1. RAM Correct answer.
  2. Flash memory
  3. ROM
  4. PROM

Explanation

RAM loses its contents when power is removed and is the working memory for running programs. ROM, PROM and flash are non-volatile and retain data without power.

Question 4Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

Which type of software is an operating system such as Windows or Linux classified as?

  1. Application software
  2. System software Correct answer.
  3. Firmware
  4. Utility software

Explanation

An operating system manages hardware, files and processes and provides a platform for other programs, which places it in the system software category. Application and utility programs run on top of it.

Question 5Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

Which device is an example of an input device used to enter hand-drawn diagrams directly into a computer?

  1. Digitizer tablet Correct answer.
  2. Plotter
  3. Laser printer
  4. Speaker

Explanation

A digitizer tablet converts the position of a stylus on a flat surface into digital coordinates, so freehand drawings can be entered. The other listed devices produce output rather than accept input.

Question 6Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

Which number system uses only the digits 0 and 1 and is the natural internal representation of data in digital circuits?

  1. Octal
  2. Binary Correct answer.
  3. Hexadecimal
  4. Decimal

Explanation

Digital circuits have two stable voltage states, conveniently written as 0 and 1, so binary is the internal number system. Octal and hexadecimal are used only as compact shorthand for binary.

Question 7Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

Which of the following is an example of system software that is stored permanently in a ROM chip and starts the computer?

  1. Web browser
  2. BIOS Correct answer.
  3. MS Word
  4. Spreadsheet package

Explanation

The BIOS is firmware held in a ROM chip on the motherboard; it performs the power-on self-test and locates a bootable device. The other options are application packages loaded after the system starts.

Question 8Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

A computer's RAM is described as 512 MB. Approximately how many bytes of storage does this represent, using 1 MB = 1024 × 1024 bytes?

  1. 5,12,000,000 bytes
  2. 5,36,870,912 bytes Correct answer.
  3. 53,68,70,912 bytes
  4. 5,12,000 bytes

Explanation

Multiply 512 by 1024 twice: 512 × 1024 = 5,24,288, then × 1024 gives 5,36,870,912 bytes. This is why memory sizes are quoted using powers of 1024 rather than powers of 1000.

Question 9Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

What is the decimal value of the binary number 1101?

  1. Fourteen
  2. Thirteen Correct answer.
  3. Eleven
  4. Twelve

Explanation

Weighted positions give 1×8 + 1×4 + 0×2 + 1×1 = 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 13. Each bit's weight doubles from right to left in binary.

Question 10Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

Which statement correctly distinguishes a compiler from an interpreter?

  1. A compiler translates the whole program into machine code before execution, while an interpreter translates and executes line by line. Correct answer.
  2. A compiler is hardware, while an interpreter is software.
  3. A compiler works only with assembly language, while an interpreter works only with machine language.
  4. A compiler executes the program line by line, while an interpreter produces a complete machine code file first.

Explanation

A compiler processes the entire source program and produces an object or executable file before the program runs. An interpreter reads, translates and executes one statement at a time, so errors appear earlier but execution is slower.

Question 11Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

Which of the following correctly lists the components of the von Neumann architecture?

  1. Only the arithmetic logic unit and the output unit
  2. Input unit, output unit, memory unit, arithmetic logic unit and control unit Correct answer.
  3. Only registers and cache memory
  4. Only the memory unit and the input unit

Explanation

The stored-program model comprises input, output, memory, the arithmetic logic unit and the control unit, with data and instructions sharing the same memory. Registers and cache are implementation details inside the processor.

Question 12Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

A hard disk has a capacity of 1 TB. Using 1 TB = 1024 GB and 1 GB = 1024 MB, what is its capacity in megabytes?

  1. 10,48,576 MB Correct answer.
  2. 1,024 MB
  3. 1,048,576 MB
  4. 10,24,000 MB

Explanation

Multiply 1024 GB by 1024 MB per GB: 1024 × 1024 = 10,48,576 MB. The squaring of 1024 reflects two successive unit conversions.

Question 13Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

Which memory is directly accessed by the CPU and is faster than main memory but much smaller in capacity?

  1. Optical disc
  2. Virtual memory on disk
  3. Cache memory Correct answer.
  4. Magnetic tape

Explanation

Cache memory sits between the CPU and main memory and holds frequently used data at very high speed, so it has a small capacity. Tape, optical discs and disk-based virtual memory are far slower.

Question 14Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

Which of these is the correct expansion of the abbreviation SMPS, the power unit used in desktop computers?

  1. Serial Memory Power System
  2. Switched Mode Power Supply Correct answer.
  3. Simple Mode Power Supply
  4. System Main Power Switch

Explanation

SMPS stands for switched mode power supply, which rapidly switches a transistor to convert AC mains into the regulated DC voltages needed by the motherboard and drives.

Question 15Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

Which port is commonly used to connect a modern monitor to a computer and carries both digital video and audio?

  1. HDMI port Correct answer.
  2. RJ-45 port
  3. PS/2 port
  4. USB Type-A port

Explanation

HDMI carries digital video and audio over a single cable, which is why it is used for monitors and televisions. PS/2 is for legacy keyboards or mice, RJ-45 for Ethernet and USB Type-A for peripherals.

Question 16Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

Which of the following best describes the function of an operating system's file management component?

  1. It converts source code into machine code.
  2. It stores the boot program permanently in ROM.
  3. It organises files into directories and controls creation, reading, writing and deletion. Correct answer.
  4. It supplies regulated DC power to the motherboard.

Explanation

The file management part of an operating system maintains directories, allocates disk space and provides operations such as create, open, read, write and delete. Translation, power conversion and firmware storage belong to other components.

Question 17Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

A user wants to convert the decimal number 25 into binary. Which result is correct?

  1. 11011
  2. 10101
  3. 11001 Correct answer.
  4. 10011

Explanation

Repeated division by 2 gives remainders 1,0,0,1,1 read upwards, so 25 = 16 + 8 + 1 = 11001 in binary. Checking the weights confirms 16 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 25.

Question 18Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

Which statement correctly describes the difference between primary and secondary memory?

  1. Primary memory is always larger in capacity than secondary memory.
  2. Primary memory is directly accessed by the CPU and volatile, while secondary memory is non-volatile and used for permanent storage. Correct answer.
  3. Primary memory stores data permanently after shutdown, while secondary memory loses data on power-off.
  4. Primary memory is non-volatile and cheaper per byte, while secondary memory is volatile and costly.

Explanation

Primary memory such as RAM is directly addressable by the CPU, is fast and loses its contents on power-off. Secondary memory such as a hard disk is non-volatile, slower and much larger, and is used to keep data permanently.

Question 19Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

A technician finds that a computer powers on, the fans spin, but no display appears and the motherboard emits repeated beep codes. Which component should be checked first?

  1. The printer cable
  2. The monitor's brightness setting
  3. The RAM modules seated in their slots Correct answer.
  4. The operating system installation

Explanation

Repeated beep codes during the power-on self-test typically indicate a memory fault, so the RAM modules should be reseated or replaced first. Display, printer and OS problems would not produce POST beep patterns.

Question 20Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

Why does adding more cache memory generally improve system performance more than adding the same amount of main memory?

  1. Cache is closer to the CPU and much faster, so frequent accesses are served without waiting for main memory. Correct answer.
  2. Cache stores the operating system permanently.
  3. Cache is non-volatile, so it keeps data after shutdown.
  4. Cache has a larger capacity than main memory in every computer.

Explanation

Cache sits on or near the processor and has a much shorter access time than RAM, so a hit avoids the longer main-memory delay. Performance improves because frequently used instructions and data are served quickly, not because cache is larger or permanent.

Question 21Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

A motherboard supports dual-channel memory and has four slots coloured in two pairs. Two RAM modules of equal size and speed are available. Which installation makes best use of the feature?

  1. Fit both modules in the two slots of the same colour pair, following the manual's channel layout. Correct answer.
  2. Fit the two modules in slots belonging to different channels as marked by the manual.
  3. Fit both modules in adjacent slots chosen at random.
  4. Fit only one module and leave the other unused.

Explanation

Dual-channel operation requires matched modules to be placed in slots that the manual assigns to different channels, usually the same-colour pair. This lets the memory controller access both modules in parallel and increases effective bandwidth.

Question 22Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

A program repeatedly reads a large array that exceeds the cache size. Which statement best explains the resulting performance behaviour?

  1. The array is automatically moved into ROM for faster access.
  2. The CPU clock speed increases to compensate for the misses.
  3. Performance improves because a larger working set always fits in cache.
  4. Cache hit rate falls and the CPU waits more often for main memory, so execution slows. Correct answer.

Explanation

When the working set is larger than the cache, previously loaded blocks are evicted before reuse, lowering the hit rate. Each miss forces the processor to wait for main memory, so the program runs more slowly.

Question 23Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

A user reports that a pen drive is detected but shows zero free space although it is nearly empty. Which explanation is most consistent with the FAT file system?

  1. The pen drive's USB connector supplies power only.
  2. The drive is formatted with a file system the OS cannot read, or the allocation table is corrupted. Correct answer.
  3. The keyboard layout is set incorrectly.
  4. The monitor resolution is set too high.

Explanation

A capacity or free-space figure that contradicts the visible contents usually points to an unreadable file system or a damaged file allocation table. Reformatting or repairing the file system restores correct allocation reporting.

Question 24Computer Fundamentals and Hardware

A desktop computer's motherboard has a CPU socket labelled LGA 1151. What does the 'LGA' designation indicate about how the processor is physically mounted?

  1. The processor connects through a slot connector similar to an expansion card.
  2. The processor has pins that fit into holes in the socket.
  3. The processor has flat contact pads and the socket contains spring-loaded pins. Correct answer.
  4. The processor is soldered permanently to the motherboard.

Explanation

LGA stands for Land Grid Array, meaning the processor package carries flat contact lands (pads) and the socket itself holds the spring-loaded pins that press against them. This contrasts with PGA (Pin Grid Array), where the pins project from the processor and insert into the socket. The lever on an LGA socket is used to lock the processor and apply contact pressure, not to push pins into holes.

Question 25Operating Systems and File Management

In a Windows file path, which character is used to separate one folder name from the next?

  1. Backslash (\) Correct answer.
  2. Hyphen (-)
  3. Forward slash (/)
  4. Colon (:)

Explanation

Windows uses the backslash as the directory separator, so a path such as C:\Users\Rina\Docs.docx moves from drive to folder to file using backslashes. The forward slash is the separator on Linux and in web URLs, while the colon is reserved for the drive letter.

Question 26Operating Systems and File Management

A student wants to keep a document permanently and retrieve it later, so the file must be saved on which type of storage?

  1. The cache memory
  2. The CPU registers
  3. Secondary storage such as a hard disk or pen drive Correct answer.
  4. The RAM workspace

Explanation

Permanent storage of files is the job of secondary storage, which keeps data after the power is switched off. Registers, cache and RAM are volatile working memory whose contents are lost on shutdown, so they cannot hold a saved document.

Question 27Operating Systems and File Management

Which file name extension normally identifies a plain text document that opens in Notepad?

  1. .exe
  2. .dll
  3. .txt Correct answer.
  4. .jpg

Explanation

The extension .txt marks an unformatted text file, which Notepad can open directly. The other extensions belong to executables, images and shared library files, which are not plain text documents.

Question 28Operating Systems and File Management

On a Windows desktop, what is the main purpose of the Recycle Bin?

  1. To store the operating system setup files
  2. To scan pen drives for viruses
  3. To compress files before backup
  4. To hold deleted files temporarily so they can be restored Correct answer.

Explanation

When a file is deleted in Windows it normally moves to the Recycle Bin rather than being erased at once, so the user can restore it if the deletion was a mistake. Emptying the Recycle Bin is what finally frees the disk space.

Question 29Operating Systems and File Management

In a file management window, what does sorting the file list by 'Date modified' arrange?

  1. Files by their extension only
  2. Files by the user who created the folder
  3. Files by the size of the disk partition
  4. Files by the time their contents were last changed Correct answer.

Explanation

The 'Date modified' property records when a file's contents were last saved or changed, so sorting on it orders files from oldest to newest change or the reverse. Creation date and last-access date are separate properties that are not used by this sort.

Question 30Operating Systems and File Management

A folder named Reports contains a subfolder named 2024, which contains a file named sales.xlsx. Which path correctly shows this nested structure in Windows?

  1. Reports\2024\sales.xlsx Correct answer.
  2. 2024\Reports\sales.xlsx
  3. Reports/2024/sales.xlsx
  4. sales.xlsx\2024\Reports

Explanation

A path lists folders from the outermost to the innermost, then the file name, with backslashes separating the parts on Windows. Because Reports contains 2024, and 2024 contains sales.xlsx, the order is Reports, then 2024, then the file.

Question 31Operating Systems and File Management

Which action creates a shortcut to a file without making a second full copy of its contents?

  1. Renaming the file on the desktop
  2. Copying the file to the desktop
  3. Creating a shortcut (link) to the file on the desktop Correct answer.
  4. Moving the file to the desktop

Explanation

A shortcut is a small link file that stores the location of the original, so the data itself is stored only once. Copying duplicates the whole file and uses extra disk space, while moving simply relocates the single original.

Question 32Operating Systems and File Management

A user selects several non-adjacent files in a folder to delete them together. Which key is held while clicking each file in Windows File Explorer?

  1. Shift
  2. Ctrl Correct answer.
  3. Tab
  4. Alt

Explanation

Holding Ctrl while clicking adds or removes individual files from the selection, so scattered files can be chosen. Shift selects a continuous range between two clicked items, which is not what is needed for non-adjacent files.

Question 33Operating Systems and File Management

Which pair correctly matches a file extension with the kind of content it usually holds?

  1. .mp3 with audio, .docx with a word-processor document Correct answer.
  2. .mp3 with a spreadsheet, .docx with audio
  3. .mp3 with an image, .docx with a spreadsheet
  4. .mp3 with a word-processor document, .docx with an image

Explanation

The extension tells the operating system which program should open the file, and .mp3 is a compressed audio format while .docx is the Microsoft Word document format. Matching extensions to the wrong content type would make the file fail to open correctly.

Question 34Operating Systems and File Management

What is the main function of the operating system's file management component?

  1. To design web pages for the user
  2. To cool the processor during heavy work
  3. To convert source code into machine code
  4. To organise, store and retrieve files on storage devices Correct answer.

Explanation

File management is the part of the operating system that keeps track of where files are stored, allocates space to them, and lets programs open, read and delete them. Compilation, web design and hardware cooling are handled by other software or hardware components.

Question 35Operating Systems and File Management

A folder on a pen drive contains files a.txt, b.txt and c.txt. A user deletes b.txt and then copies the folder to another drive. What does the copied folder contain?

  1. c.txt only
  2. b.txt only
  3. a.txt and c.txt only Correct answer.
  4. a.txt, b.txt and c.txt

Explanation

Deleting b.txt removes it from the folder, so only the remaining files a.txt and c.txt are present when the folder is copied. The copy operation transfers whatever is currently in the folder, not the previously deleted file.

Question 36Operating Systems and File Management

Which statement best describes the difference between 'Copy' and 'Move' for a file?

  1. Copy leaves the original in place and creates another; move relocates the original Correct answer.
  2. Copy and move both delete the original after pasting
  3. Copy works only on folders; move works only on files
  4. Copy relocates the original; move leaves a second copy behind

Explanation

Copying places a duplicate at the destination while the source stays where it was, so two copies exist. Moving transfers the single file to the new location, so the original no longer exists at the old path.

Question 37Operating Systems and File Management

A user right-clicks a file and chooses Properties. Which information is shown there?

  1. The contents of the file in full
  2. Size, location and read-only attribute Correct answer.
  3. The list of installed programs
  4. The current CPU temperature

Explanation

The Properties dialog reports metadata about a file, such as its size, its full path and attributes like read-only or hidden. It does not display the file's contents or system-wide information such as installed programs.

Question 38Operating Systems and File Management

A user wants every .docx file in a large folder to open in a particular word processor by default. What must be changed?

  1. The Recycle Bin storage limit
  2. The file association for the .docx extension Correct answer.
  3. The read-only attribute of each file
  4. The folder's sort order

Explanation

The operating system decides which program opens a file from its extension through the file association setting. Changing the default program for .docx makes all such files open in the chosen word processor, regardless of which folder they are in.

Question 39Operating Systems and File Management

A hard disk is divided into volumes, and each volume keeps a table recording which clusters belong to which file. Why is this table essential?

  1. It compresses each file before saving
  2. It stores a backup copy of every file's contents
  3. It encrypts all files on the disk automatically
  4. It lets the system locate the scattered blocks that make up a file Correct answer.

Explanation

Files are often stored in non-contiguous clusters, so the file system needs a table that maps each file to its clusters and their order. Without this mapping the system could not reassemble a file correctly, even though the data is physically present on the disk.

Question 40Operating Systems and File Management

Two files in different folders have the same name, report.docx. Why can both exist on one drive without conflict?

  1. Because their full paths differ, and a file is identified by its path Correct answer.
  2. Because Windows automatically renames one of them
  3. Because file names are case-sensitive on every drive
  4. Because only one of them is actually stored

Explanation

A file's identity on a volume is its full path, which combines the folder chain with the file name. Two files may share a name as long as they sit in different folders, since their complete paths are still distinct.

Question 41Word Processing and Documentation

In a word processor, which term describes the vertical distance between successive lines of text within a paragraph?

  1. Character spacing
  2. Indentation
  3. Line spacing Correct answer.
  4. Paragraph spacing

Explanation

Line spacing controls the gap between one text line and the next inside the same paragraph, and it can be set to single, 1.5, double or an exact point value. Paragraph spacing instead controls the gap before or after a whole paragraph.

Question 42Word Processing and Documentation

A student wants the top row of a marks table to repeat automatically on every printed page. Which table property must be enabled?

  1. AutoFit to contents
  2. Repeat as header row Correct answer.
  3. Allow row to break across pages
  4. Convert text to table

Explanation

The 'Repeat as header row at the top of each page' property makes the selected first row reappear at the top of every page the table spans. It only works when the row is the first row of the table.

Question 43Word Processing and Documentation

Which file format is most suitable when a document must keep its exact layout and be readable on almost any device without the creating software?

  1. RTF
  2. TXT
  3. PDF Correct answer.
  4. DOCX

Explanation

PDF fixes the layout and fonts so the document looks the same on any device, and free viewers exist for all common platforms. It is the standard choice for final documents such as certificates and reports.

Question 44Word Processing and Documentation

Which keyboard shortcut is used in most word processors to save the current document with its existing name?

  1. Ctrl + P
  2. Ctrl + N
  3. Ctrl + S Correct answer.
  4. Ctrl + Z

Explanation

Ctrl + S issues the Save command, writing the current content back to the existing file. Ctrl + Shift + S is normally used when a new name or location is needed.

Question 45Word Processing and Documentation

In a mail merge, which document contains the fixed text that stays the same in every copy, such as the body of an invitation?

  1. Merge field
  2. Main document Correct answer.
  3. Data source
  4. Header file

Explanation

The main document holds the constant text and the positions of merge fields. The data source supplies the variable records that are inserted at those field positions.

Question 46Word Processing and Documentation

A paragraph's first line should begin further right than the rest of the paragraph. Which indentation setting achieves this?

  1. First line indent Correct answer.
  2. Right indent
  3. Hanging indent
  4. Mirror indent

Explanation

A first line indent pushes only the opening line of the paragraph inward, which is the usual style for starting a new paragraph. A hanging indent does the opposite, leaving the first line out while indenting the rest.

Question 47Word Processing and Documentation

A long report needs an automatic table of contents whose page numbers update when text is edited. What must be applied to the chapter titles first?

  1. Heading styles such as Heading 1 and Heading 2 Correct answer.
  2. A text box around each title
  3. Manual bold formatting only
  4. Text highlighting

Explanation

An automatic table of contents is built from paragraphs that carry built-in heading styles, because those styles define the outline levels it collects. Direct formatting such as bold does not create outline levels.

Question 48Word Processing and Documentation

Which feature places a short note at the bottom of the page on which a marked reference appears, separated from the body by a line?

  1. Comment
  2. Bookmark
  3. Footnote Correct answer.
  4. Endnote

Explanation

A footnote is anchored to a reference mark in the text and printed at the foot of that same page. An endnote carries the same kind of note but collects all notes at the end of the document or section.

Question 49Word Processing and Documentation

A candidate types 'RAM' but the word processor automatically changes it to 'Ram'. Which setting caused this?

  1. Grammar check
  2. AutoCorrect capitalisation option Correct answer.
  3. Spell check as you type
  4. Thesaurus lookup

Explanation

AutoCorrect includes options that correct accidental use of the Caps Lock key and fix two initial capitals, which can rewrite an all-capital acronym. Turning that option off stops the change while keeping other corrections.

Question 50Word Processing and Documentation

Which section break type starts the new section on the same page while allowing different margins or columns for that section?

  1. Page break
  2. Continuous section break Correct answer.
  3. Odd page section break
  4. Next page section break

Explanation

A continuous section break begins a new section on the current page, so formatting such as columns or margins can change without forcing a new page. Other section break types move the following content to a new page.