CHSE Odisha Small Poultry Farmer (AGP) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Ghagus breed

An indigenous Odisha chicken type with small body, hardy nature and coloured plumage; hens lay only about 40-60 small eggs a year, suited to backyard scavenging.

Vanaraja bird

Improved dual-purpose chicken from ICAR-DPR for backyard flocks; cockerels reach roughly 1.5-2.0 kg by 12-14 weeks and hens lay 150-180 eggs a year.

Hen-day egg production

Percentage calculated as eggs collected divided by the number of hens multiplied by days, then multiplied by 100; it measures flock laying performance without counting non-layers.

Floor space for layers

Adult layers need about 2.0-2.5 square feet per bird, broilers about 1 square foot, and chicks about 0.5 square feet; crowding raises cannibalism and disease risk.

Brooder temperature schedule

Start at 95 degrees Fahrenheit in week one and reduce about 5 degrees each week, reaching 70 degrees by week five; huddling chicks indicate cold while panting indicates heat.

Debeaking age

The usual age for beak trimming is 5-7 days, removing about one third of the upper beak with a hot blade; vitamin K is given to reduce bleeding.

Layer calcium requirement

Laying hens need 3.5-4.0 percent calcium and 0.4-0.5 percent available phosphorus; limestone or shell grit supplies calcium and excess in growers harms kidneys.

Methionine in poultry feed

The first limiting amino acid in maize-soybean diets; about 0.05-0.1 percent DL-methionine is added to support growth and egg production.

Marek's vaccination route

Given by subcutaneous injection to day-old chicks at the hatchery; the vaccine is stored cold but must never be frozen before use.

Ranikhet disease signs

Newcastle disease shows gasping, greenish diarrhoea, twisted neck, paralysis and a sudden fall in egg production with misshapen eggs; it is notifiable.

Haugh unit

A measure of albumen quality in eggs; values above 70 indicate freshness, while lower values suggest older eggs or poor storage.

Lime water egg preservation

Storing eggs in a 10 percent slaked lime solution extends shelf life to three or four months at room temperature by sealing shell pores.

Feed share of cost

Feed accounts for roughly 65-70 percent of total poultry production cost, making it the largest single expense and the main target for profit improvement.

Poultry-fish integration

Droppings from 100-150 birds per hectare of pond fertilise water and stimulate plankton growth, but excessive direct dropping can deplete pond oxygen.

Poultry litter compost

Litter composted with straw at a carbon to nitrogen ratio near 25-30 to 1 heats to 55-65 degrees Celsius, killing pathogens and giving mature manure in six to eight weeks.

Five freedoms of welfare

Freedom from hunger and thirst, discomfort, pain injury or disease, fear and distress, and freedom to express normal behaviour such as perching and dust bathing.

Avian influenza reporting

Sudden high mortality in poultry must be reported immediately to the veterinary department; dead birds are not handled, sold or consumed and birds are not moved out.

National Livestock Mission

A central scheme supporting poultry entrepreneurship with subsidy, typically 25-33 percent of project cost and higher for SC, ST and women beneficiaries.

Krishi Vigyan Kendra role

A district-level farm science centre providing training, demonstrations and advisory services on poultry rearing, feed and disease control to rural farmers.

Kadaknath chicken

An indigenous breed with black plumage and blackish meat, fetching premium prices of about 1.5-2 times broiler rate in local and tribal markets.

Egg weight for hatching

Hatching eggs should weigh 50-65 grams; eggs below 45 grams or above 70 grams hatch poorly and produce weak chicks.

Ammonia level in shed

Ammonia should stay below 20 parts per million; levels above 25 parts per million irritate eyes, reduce feed intake and damage the respiratory tract.

Nest box provision

One 30 by 30 centimetre nest box is provided per four to five hens, placed in a dark corner 45-60 centimetres above the floor to reduce floor eggs.

Brooder guard size

A guard of about 3 metres circumference holds roughly 250 chicks for the first 7-10 days, then is enlarged as chicks grow and need more space.

Water intake of layers

Birds drink about twice their feed weight, roughly 200-250 millilitres per layer daily, and more in hot weather; clean cool water must always be available.

Aflatoxin risk in feed

Mouldy maize and rancid oil contain aflatoxin, which damages the liver, lowers egg production and thins shells; feed must be dry and stored briefly.

Drinking water vaccination rule

Water vaccination requires clean chlorine-free water with 0.1-0.2 percent skimmed milk powder, and the reconstituted vaccine must be used within one to two hours.

Coccidiosis in growers

A litter-borne protozoan disease causing bloody droppings and poor growth in young birds; treated with amprolium or sulphonamides plus vitamin K.

Egg grading by weight

Eggs are graded as small 45-50 grams, medium 50-55 grams, large 55-65 grams and extra large 65-70 grams; Indian retail often sells by number.

Broiler feed conversion ratio

A broiler consumes about 1.6-1.8 kilograms of feed per kilogram of live weight gain, while layers use 2.0-2.3 kilograms per kilogram of eggs.

Dead bird disposal

Carcasses are buried in a pit at least one metre deep away from water sources or incinerated; throwing them into ponds or fields spreads disease.

Personal protective equipment use

Gumboots, apron, mask and gloves are worn during vaccination, disinfection and litter cleaning because formalin and lime irritate skin and eyes.