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DGCA AME CAR-66 Module 10 Aviation Legislation Exam study materials
DGCA AME CAR-66 Module 10 Aviation Legislation Exam study resources

DGCA AME CAR-66 Module 10 Aviation Legislation Exam practice questions

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Question 1Regulatory Framework

Under the international framework, which body is responsible for adopting Standards and Recommended Practices relating to civil aviation safety?

  1. The International Civil Aviation Organization Correct answer.
  2. The International Air Transport Association
  3. The International Federation of Airworthiness
  4. The International Association of Classification Societies

Explanation

ICAO is the UN specialised agency that adopts Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) as Annexes to the Chicago Convention. IATA and other industry bodies issue guidance or commercial rules, not intergovernmental SARPs.

Question 2Regulatory Framework

Which Annex to the Chicago Convention deals specifically with the licensing of personnel?

  1. Annex 8
  2. Annex 19
  3. Annex 1 Correct answer.
  4. Annex 6

Explanation

Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention covers Personnel Licensing. Annex 6 covers operation of aircraft, Annex 8 airworthiness of aircraft and Annex 19 safety management.

Question 3Regulatory Framework

What is the legal status of a Standard adopted by ICAO compared with a Recommended Practice?

  1. A Standard is advisory, while a Recommended Practice is binding
  2. Neither has any status until a state enacts its own law
  3. A Standard is mandatory, while a Recommended Practice is discretionary Correct answer.
  4. Both are equally binding on all member states

Explanation

A Standard is a specification whose uniform application is recognised as necessary for safety and which states must implement unless they file a difference. A Recommended Practice is desirable but not mandatory.

Question 4Regulatory Framework

A contracting state decides it cannot comply with a particular ICAO Standard. What is the correct procedure?

  1. Apply to IATA for an exemption
  2. Notify ICAO of the difference from the Standard Correct answer.
  3. Withdraw from the Chicago Convention
  4. Silently ignore the Standard

Explanation

Under Article 38 of the Chicago Convention, a state that finds it impracticable to comply with a Standard must notify ICAO of the difference. ICAO then publishes the difference for other states.

Question 5Regulatory Framework

Which document establishes the privileges and limitations of an aircraft maintenance engineer licence issued by a national authority?

  1. The national civil aviation regulations and the licence document Correct answer.
  2. The Chicago Convention itself
  3. ICAO Annex 8 only
  4. The aircraft manufacturer's maintenance manual

Explanation

The privileges and limitations of a licence are set out in the issuing state's civil aviation regulations and stated on the licence itself. The Convention and Annexes provide the framework, and manufacturer manuals give technical procedures, not licensing privileges.

Question 6Regulatory Framework

In the CAR-66 framework, which category of licence covers maintenance of aircraft structures, including sheet metal and composite repair?

  1. Category B1
  2. Category A
  3. Category B1 with the mechanical structures emphasis is not used; structures are covered under Category B1 airframe privileges Correct answer.
  4. Category B2

Explanation

Under CAR-66, structural and airframe work falls within the privileges of the B1 mechanical licence, particularly its airframe subcategory. Category B2 covers avionics, and Category A is a limited line-maintenance authorisation.

Question 7Regulatory Framework

Which of the following best describes the role of a Part-145 approved maintenance organisation?

  1. It issues type certificates for new aircraft designs
  2. It provides air traffic control services
  3. It sets the international Standards for maintenance
  4. It performs maintenance and certifies it within the scope of its approval Correct answer.

Explanation

A Part-145 organisation is approved to carry out maintenance and to issue certificates of release to service within the limits of its approval. Type certification is a design function, and setting Standards is ICAO's role.

Question 8Regulatory Framework

What does a Certificate of Release to Service (CRS) certify?

  1. That the aircraft has passed customs inspection
  2. That the maintenance recorded has been carried out satisfactorily within the approved scope Correct answer.
  3. That the aircraft is airworthy for its entire remaining life
  4. That the pilot is competent to fly the aircraft

Explanation

A CRS certifies that the specified maintenance has been completed satisfactorily by authorised personnel within the scope of their approval. It does not guarantee indefinite airworthiness or cover flight crew or customs matters.

Question 9Regulatory Framework

Which organisation publishes the maintenance-related guidance contained in the ICAO Annexes and associated documents?

  1. The airport operator
  2. The national police authority
  3. The aircraft insurer
  4. ICAO, through its Annexes and associated guidance material Correct answer.

Explanation

ICAO publishes the Annexes and associated guidance material such as the Airworthiness Manual. National authorities then implement these in their own regulations. Insurers, police and airport operators do not set such Standards.

Question 10Regulatory Framework

A maintenance engineer holds a B1 licence but has not been type-rated on a particular aircraft. What work may be certified on that type?

  1. No work at all under any circumstances
  2. Any maintenance on that type without restriction
  3. Only avionics work
  4. Only work within the privileges of the licence and any authorisation granted by the Part-145 organisation for that type Correct answer.

Explanation

A licence alone does not automatically confer certification privileges on a specific type. The Part-145 organisation grants type authorisation, and certification is limited to the licence privileges plus that authorisation.

Question 11Regulatory Framework

Which of the following is a primary purpose of a national aviation authority's continuing airworthiness regulations?

  1. To design aircraft engines
  2. To ensure aircraft remain in compliance with airworthiness requirements throughout their service life Correct answer.
  3. To train cabin crew in customer service
  4. To set ticket prices for airlines

Explanation

Continuing airworthiness regulations ensure that an aircraft conforms to its approved type design and is maintained in an airworthy condition throughout its operational life. Pricing, engine design and cabin service are outside this scope.

Question 12Regulatory Framework

What is the function of an Airworthiness Directive issued by a national authority?

  1. It recommends optional improvements to operators
  2. It approves a new airline route
  3. It certifies the competence of individual engineers
  4. It mandates action to correct an unsafe condition found in a type design Correct answer.

Explanation

An Airworthiness Directive is a mandatory document requiring corrective action to address an unsafe condition in a product or part. It is not optional and does not deal with route approvals or personnel competence.

Question 13Regulatory Framework

Which body within the European framework historically issued Part-145 and Part-66 requirements that many national regulations are modelled on?

  1. The International Labour Organization
  2. The European Union Aviation Safety Agency Correct answer.
  3. The International Maritime Organization
  4. The World Trade Organization

Explanation

EASA issues the Part-145 and Part-66 requirements that form the basis for maintenance organisation approval and engineer licensing in Europe and are widely referenced elsewhere. The other bodies deal with maritime, trade and labour matters.

Question 14Regulatory Framework

An engineer discovers that a maintenance task was signed off but not actually performed. What is the appropriate regulatory response?

  1. Wait until the next scheduled check to mention it
  2. Ignore it because the aircraft has already flown
  3. Amend the record to show the task was completed
  4. Report it through the organisation's occurrence reporting system and take corrective action Correct answer.

Explanation

Falsely certified maintenance is a reportable occurrence. It must be reported through the organisation's reporting system and corrected so the aircraft's airworthiness status is properly established. Altering records or delaying disclosure is improper.

Question 15Regulatory Framework

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between ICAO Annexes and national regulations?

  1. National regulations implement the Annexes, sometimes with filed differences Correct answer.
  2. Annexes apply only to international airports
  3. Annexes override all national law directly
  4. National regulations automatically replace the Annexes

Explanation

ICAO Annexes are implemented through national regulations, and states may file differences where they cannot fully comply. Annexes do not automatically override national law, nor are they limited to particular airports.

Question 16Regulatory Framework

What is the primary purpose of a maintenance organisation exposition?

  1. To record the salaries of maintenance staff
  2. To describe how the organisation complies with the applicable maintenance regulations Correct answer.
  3. To list the airline's flight schedules
  4. To provide the aircraft flight manual

Explanation

The maintenance organisation exposition documents the organisation's scope, procedures and means of compliance with the applicable regulations. It is not a commercial schedule, a payroll record or a flight manual.

Question 17Regulatory Framework

Under the licensing framework, what does the term 'recent experience' require of a certifying engineer?

  1. Membership of a professional association
  2. A defined period of relevant maintenance experience within a specified preceding period Correct answer.
  3. A university degree in aviation
  4. Continuous employment with one company only

Explanation

Recent experience requirements ensure a certifying engineer has performed relevant maintenance work within a defined preceding period before exercising certification privileges. It does not require single-company employment, a degree or association membership.

Question 18Regulatory Framework

Which of the following best describes the scope of a 'limited' certification authorisation for a Category A licence holder?

  1. Full certification of all maintenance on all types
  2. Certification of specified limited maintenance tasks after the aircraft has been returned to service from a base check Correct answer.
  3. Design approval of modifications
  4. Approval of the operator's maintenance programme

Explanation

A Category A licence permits certification of specified limited maintenance tasks, typically line tasks following base maintenance release. It does not extend to full certification, design approval or programme approval.

Question 19Regulatory Framework

What is the significance of a 'type certificate' in the regulatory framework?

  1. It certifies the competence of maintenance engineers
  2. It approves the design of an aircraft type as meeting the applicable airworthiness requirements Correct answer.
  3. It authorises an individual aircraft to fly a specific route
  4. It approves the airline's operating budget

Explanation

A type certificate is a design approval confirming that the aircraft type meets the applicable airworthiness requirements. Individual aircraft airworthiness is shown by a certificate of airworthiness, and engineer competence by licensing.

Question 20Regulatory Framework

An operator wishes to change the maintenance programme for its aircraft. Which principle applies?

  1. Changes are prohibited once the aircraft enters service
  2. Changes require the manufacturer's commercial agreement only
  3. Changes require approval by the competent authority or under an approved procedure Correct answer.
  4. Changes may be made freely without any approval

Explanation

Maintenance programme changes must be approved by the competent authority or made under an approved indirect approval procedure. Free changes are not permitted, and the manufacturer's commercial agreement alone is insufficient.

Question 21Regulatory Framework

Which of the following is a fundamental obligation of a licence holder when certifying maintenance?

  1. To delegate certification to unlicensed staff
  2. To certify work based solely on a verbal assurance
  3. To certify only work they have personally performed or supervised and can verify Correct answer.
  4. To certify any work regardless of who performed it

Explanation

A certifying engineer must be able to verify the work certified, either by personal performance or adequate supervision. Certification cannot be delegated to unlicensed staff or based only on verbal assurance.

Question 22Regulatory Framework

What is the purpose of the 'difference' published by ICAO when a state does not comply with a Standard?

  1. To transfer the Standard to another state
  2. To revoke the state's membership
  3. To inform other states of the deviation so they can account for it Correct answer.
  4. To penalise the state financially

Explanation

Published differences inform other contracting states of a deviation from a Standard so they can take it into account, for example when accepting aircraft or licences. They are not penalties, do not revoke membership and are not transferred.

Question 23Regulatory Framework

Which of the following correctly pairs a regulatory document with its typical content?

  1. Part-66 with maintenance organisation approval procedures
  2. Part-145 with certifying staff licensing requirements
  3. Part-66 with certifying staff licensing requirements Correct answer.
  4. Part-M with flight crew licensing

Explanation

Part-66 sets out the requirements for certifying staff licensing, while Part-145 covers maintenance organisation approval. Part-M covers continuing airworthiness management, and flight crew licensing is a separate regime.

Question 24Regulatory Framework

Which statement about the applicability of national aviation regulations to foreign-registered aircraft maintained in a state is most accurate?

  1. National regulations never apply to foreign-registered aircraft
  2. Only the aircraft's home state regulations ever apply anywhere
  3. ICAO Annexes directly authorise any maintenance anywhere
  4. National regulations apply to maintenance performed in the state, subject to the state's rules and any bilateral arrangements Correct answer.

Explanation

Maintenance performed within a state is subject to that state's rules, and bilateral arrangements or approvals govern work on foreign-registered aircraft. It is incorrect to say regulations never apply or that only the home state's rules apply everywhere.

Question 25Regulatory Framework

What is the role of a competent authority in relation to approved maintenance organisations?

  1. To employ the organisation's certifying staff
  2. To oversee compliance through approval, surveillance and enforcement Correct answer.
  3. To perform all maintenance on behalf of the organisation
  4. To set the organisation's commercial strategy

Explanation

The competent authority grants approval and conducts surveillance to ensure continued compliance, with enforcement where necessary. It does not perform maintenance, set commercial strategy or employ the organisation's staff.

Question 26Regulatory Framework

Which document issued by a national aviation authority typically contains the detailed technical requirements that a licensed aircraft maintenance engineer must follow when performing maintenance?

  1. The type certificate data sheet
  2. The air operator certificate
  3. The aircraft flight manual
  4. The national airworthiness code or maintenance regulations Correct answer.

Explanation

National airworthiness codes or maintenance regulations set out the technical requirements and procedures that licensed engineers must follow to ensure airworthiness. The flight manual is for operation, the air operator certificate is for commercial operations, and the type certificate data sheet defines the approved design.

Question 27Regulatory Framework

Under a typical national licensing framework, what is the primary responsibility of the competent authority that issues aircraft maintenance licences?

  1. To design and manufacture aircraft components
  2. To perform all maintenance on aircraft registered in the state
  3. To set the ticket prices for commercial air travel
  4. To oversee and ensure compliance with licensing and airworthiness requirements Correct answer.

Explanation

The competent authority is responsible for regulatory oversight, including issuing licences and ensuring that individuals and organisations comply with the applicable requirements. It does not perform maintenance, set commercial prices, or manufacture components.

Question 28Regulatory Framework

An engineer is unsure whether a particular maintenance task is required by the approved maintenance programme. Which document should be consulted to confirm the task and its interval?

  1. The maintenance organisation's quality manual
  2. The engineer's personal logbook
  3. The approved aircraft maintenance programme Correct answer.
  4. The aircraft's certificate of registration

Explanation

The approved aircraft maintenance programme specifies the scheduled maintenance tasks and their intervals for a particular aircraft. The certificate of registration identifies the aircraft, the quality manual describes the organisation's procedures, and the logbook records personal experience.

Question 29Regulatory Framework

A national authority decides to adopt a foreign airworthiness code as the basis for its maintenance regulations. What is the most significant regulatory consequence of this decision?

  1. The national authority loses its sovereignty over aviation matters.
  2. The foreign code automatically overrides all local laws.
  3. The national authority must still formally adopt the code and may need to notify differences to ICAO. Correct answer.
  4. The foreign code becomes directly applicable without any national legal process.

Explanation

Even when a state adopts a foreign code, it must incorporate that code into its own legal system and, if there are differences from ICAO Standards, notify them to ICAO. The foreign code does not automatically override local laws or remove the state's regulatory responsibilities.

Question 30Regulatory Framework

In the context of maintenance regulations, what is the purpose of a 'grandfather clause'?

  1. To require all personnel to retrain immediately when regulations change
  2. To exempt all maintenance from regulatory oversight
  3. To allow existing licence holders or organisations to continue under certain conditions despite new requirements Correct answer.
  4. To grandfather new aircraft into the fleet without certification

Explanation

A grandfather clause provides transitional relief so that individuals or organisations who qualified under earlier rules are not unfairly disadvantaged by new requirements, often subject to conditions such as recent experience. It does not eliminate oversight or bypass certification for new aircraft.

Question 31Regulatory Framework

Under CAR-66, who is responsible for issuing a certification authorisation to a certifying staff member?

  1. The training organisation that delivered the type course
  2. The competent authority directly, without any organisation involvement
  3. The aircraft operator's quality manager acting alone
  4. The organisation approved for maintenance, after acceptance by the competent authority Correct answer.

Explanation

CAR-66 requires that certifying staff be authorised by the approved maintenance organisation, and that this authorisation be accepted by the competent authority. The authority does not issue the authorisation itself to individuals in the normal route.

Question 32Regulatory Framework

A Category B1 licence holder is typically permitted to certify which of the following?

  1. Overhaul of propellers on all aircraft types
  2. Scheduled maintenance on airframes, engines and mechanical systems within the type rating held Correct answer.
  3. Avionics system maintenance requiring in-depth troubleshooting
  4. Release of aircraft after structural repairs designed by the manufacturer

Explanation

B1 covers mechanical, airframe, engine and electrical/mechanical system tasks within the scope of the type rating on the licence. Avionics-specific certification is the role of B2, and design or major repair approval is outside licence privileges.

Question 33Regulatory Framework

What is the minimum age at which an applicant may first be issued a CAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence?

  1. 18 years Correct answer.
  2. 16 years
  3. 17 years
  4. 21 years

Explanation

CAR-66 sets 18 years as the minimum age for initial issue of an aircraft maintenance licence. Younger persons may work in maintenance but cannot hold the licence.

Question 34Regulatory Framework

Which document defines the privileges and limitations of certifying staff in an approved maintenance organisation?

  1. The organisation's maintenance organisation exposition and associated authorisation procedures Correct answer.
  2. The aircraft flight manual
  3. The type certificate data sheet
  4. The airworthiness directive compliance record

Explanation

The maintenance organisation exposition describes the scope of work and the procedures for issuing certification authorisations, including privileges and limitations. It is the controlling document for certifying staff within the organisation.

Question 35Regulatory Framework

A certifying staff member signs a certificate of release to service. What does this signature primarily attest?

  1. That the aircraft will not require further maintenance for the next scheduled check
  2. That the operator has paid for the maintenance work
  3. That the manufacturer approves the work performed
  4. That the maintenance was performed in accordance with approved data and the aircraft is airworthy with respect to the work done Correct answer.

Explanation

The CRS certifies that the specified maintenance has been carried out in accordance with approved data and that the aircraft or component is airworthy in respect of that work. It does not guarantee future serviceability or imply manufacturer endorsement.

Question 36Regulatory Framework

For a Category A licence holder, which certification privilege is normally granted?

  1. Certification of avionics modifications
  2. Certification of minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification within the type rating Correct answer.
  3. Certification of engine overhaul
  4. Full base maintenance certification on all systems

Explanation

Category A privileges are limited to minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification within the limitations of the licence. More complex work requires B1 or B2 certification.

Question 37Regulatory Framework

What is the standard validity period of an aircraft maintenance licence issued under CAR-66, subject to continued compliance?

  1. It is valid for ten years with no renewal
  2. It is valid only while the holder is employed by one organisation
  3. It is valid for two years and requires re-examination
  4. It remains valid for a period of five years and is then renewed Correct answer.

Explanation

CAR-66 licences are issued for a defined validity period, commonly five years, and renewal depends on demonstrating continued compliance with the requirements. The licence is not tied to a single employer.

Question 38Regulatory Framework

A licence holder has not exercised certification privileges on a given aircraft type for several years. What does CAR-66 require before privileges may be used again?

  1. Nothing is required, because the licence remains valid indefinitely
  2. The holder must obtain a new licence number
  3. The holder must pass a full initial type course again in every case
  4. The holder must satisfy recent experience requirements or complete an approved refresher/recurrent programme Correct answer.

Explanation

CAR-66 requires recent maintenance experience on the relevant type, or an approved refresher or recurrent training programme, before certification privileges are resumed. The licence alone does not guarantee current competence.

Question 39Regulatory Framework

Which of the following best describes the role of the competent authority in relation to certifying staff?

  1. It performs all certification of release to service itself
  2. It delegates its oversight to the aircraft manufacturer
  3. It accepts the organisation's authorisation system and oversees compliance through approval and oversight Correct answer.
  4. It personally interviews and appoints each certifying staff member

Explanation

The competent authority approves the organisation and accepts its certifying staff authorisation system, then provides continuing oversight. It does not certify individual releases or appoint individual staff.

Question 40Regulatory Framework

What does a type rating on a CAR-66 licence authorise?

  1. Certification of the type only when supervised by the manufacturer
  2. Certification of maintenance on the specific aircraft type for the category and privileges held Correct answer.
  3. Certification of all aircraft below a specified maximum take-off mass
  4. Certification of any aircraft in the same manufacturer's range

Explanation

A type rating is specific to the aircraft type and applies within the category and privileges of the licence. It does not extend to other types by manufacturer or weight class.

Question 41Regulatory Framework

A certifying staff member discovers that a task requires a special technique not covered by the approved maintenance data. What is the appropriate action?

  1. Improvise a technique based on personal experience and certify the task
  2. Certify the task and note the deviation in the technical log
  3. Ask a colleague to sign the CRS without recording the issue
  4. Refer the matter for engineering disposition and obtain approved data before certifying Correct answer.

Explanation

Maintenance must be performed using approved data. If the data is inadequate, the task must be referred for engineering disposition and approved instructions obtained before certification. Personal improvisation is not acceptable.

Question 42Regulatory Framework

Which of the following is required of a certifying staff member before certifying a task on an aircraft type for the first time in an organisation?

  1. Only a valid passport and security clearance
  2. Only a letter from the previous employer
  3. Only a completed task card
  4. Familiarisation with the organisation's procedures and the specific type privileges granted Correct answer.

Explanation

Before exercising privileges in a new organisation, certifying staff must be familiarised with the organisation's procedures and must hold the specific authorisation for the type. Employment history or task cards alone are insufficient.

Question 43Regulatory Framework

What is the purpose of a certification authorisation in addition to the licence?

  1. To define the specific scope, limitations and procedures within which the holder may certify in that organisation Correct answer.
  2. To allow the holder to certify any aircraft worldwide
  3. To replace the licence for all purposes
  4. To transfer the licence to another country

Explanation

The certification authorisation issued by the organisation defines the precise scope and limitations of certifying privileges within that organisation, supplementing but not replacing the licence.

Question 44Regulatory Framework

Under CAR-66, which of the following is a requirement for the issue of a B1 licence in addition to the knowledge examinations?

  1. A university degree in aeronautical engineering
  2. Membership of a professional engineering institution
  3. A pilot's licence
  4. Documented practical maintenance experience of a defined duration on operating aircraft Correct answer.

Explanation

CAR-66 requires documented practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft of a defined duration, in addition to knowledge examinations, before a B1 licence is issued. Academic qualifications or professional memberships do not substitute.

Question 45Regulatory Framework

A certifying staff member is asked to certify work performed by an unapproved subcontractor outside the organisation's approval. What is the correct response?

  1. Decline to certify unless the work is within the organisation's approved scope and properly controlled Correct answer.
  2. Certify it because the work was physically completed
  3. Certify it and note the subcontractor's name only
  4. Ask the subcontractor to issue the CRS instead

Explanation

Certification may only cover work performed within the organisation's approved scope and under its quality system. Work by unapproved subcontractors cannot be certified in this way.

Question 46Regulatory Framework

What does the term 'certifying staff' mean under CAR-66?

  1. Any person who performs maintenance tasks
  2. Staff authorised by the organisation to certify release to service and who hold the required licence and authorisation Correct answer.
  3. Any manager in the maintenance department
  4. Any person who inspects incoming parts

Explanation

Certifying staff are those authorised by the approved organisation to certify the release to service of aircraft or components, holding the appropriate licence and authorisation. Performing maintenance alone does not make a person certifying staff.

Question 47Regulatory Framework

Which category of licence is primarily intended for avionics maintenance certification?

  1. C
  2. B2 Correct answer.
  3. A
  4. B1

Explanation

The B2 category covers avionics systems and electrical/avionic maintenance certification. B1 covers mechanical and airframe/engine systems, A covers limited line tasks and C covers base maintenance management.

Question 48Regulatory Framework

What is the significance of a Category C licence in base maintenance?

  1. It permits certification of the completion of base maintenance work on the aircraft as a whole Correct answer.
  2. It permits only component overhaul certification
  3. It permits only ground handling certification
  4. It permits only avionics line certification

Explanation

Category C privileges relate to certifying the completion of base maintenance on the aircraft as a whole, supported by appropriately qualified staff for the tasks performed. It is not limited to avionics or components.

Question 49Regulatory Framework

A certifying staff member is unsure whether a component is eligible for installation. Which source should be consulted?

  1. The parts supplier's marketing brochure
  2. The previous operator's maintenance records
  3. A colleague's verbal assurance
  4. The approved maintenance data and the aircraft's approved parts documentation Correct answer.

Explanation

Eligibility for installation must be established from approved data and the aircraft's approved parts documentation. Verbal assurances or commercial literature are not acceptable sources.

Question 50Regulatory Framework

How should a certifying staff member handle a conflict between a maintenance manual instruction and an airworthiness directive?

  1. Ignore the airworthiness directive if the manual is newer
  2. Certify using whichever document is shorter
  3. Follow the airworthiness directive, since it is mandatory, and resolve the data conflict through engineering before certifying Correct answer.
  4. Defer the decision to the parts supplier

Explanation

Airworthiness directives are mandatory and take precedence where they conflict with other data. The conflict should be resolved through engineering disposition before certification.