IBPS RRB Marketing Officer key terms

A reasoning format with two premises and a conclusion, tested by drawing Venn diagrams. You check whether the conclusion must be true whenever the premises are true, not merely whether it could be true.

A drawing technique that represents sets as circles to test syllogism conclusions. Overlapping regions show possible members; a conclusion is valid only if it holds in every diagram consistent with the premises.

In syllogisms, a pair of conclusions where exactly one must follow but neither follows alone. It is accepted only when both share the same subject and predicate and together cover all possibilities.

A reasoning question describing family links through statements or symbols. You map generations and genders carefully, then answer how two named people are related.

A question where symbols such as @, #, $ stand for comparison signs like greater than or less than. You decode the symbols, combine the statements, and decide which conclusion is definitely true.

A puzzle placing people in a row or around a circle with clues about who sits next to or opposite whom. Fixed directions, facing inward or outward, decide left and right.

An arrangement puzzle where people live on numbered floors of a building. Clues about who lives above, below, or immediately next to whom are combined to fix every person's floor.

The broad reasoning category covering seating, floors, boxes, days and months. Most questions give partial clues, so you build a table and fill certain positions before guessing the rest.

A reasoning question where a machine rearranges a given line of words or numbers by a fixed rule in repeated steps. You identify the rule and predict the line after a stated number of steps.

A question asking whether the given statements are enough to answer a query, not what the answer is. You test each statement alone and then together, choosing among the standard option set.

A sequence mixing letters, numbers and symbols, with questions on counting, positions or missing elements. Careful left-to-right or right-to-left reading and tallying avoids mistakes.

A reasoning topic tracking a person's movement by compass directions and turns. You draw the path on paper and use right-triangle distances to find the final displacement.

A fraction expressed out of one hundred, used to compare quantities and compute increases, decreases and markups. Converting between fractions, decimals and percentages speeds up many arithmetic questions.

A comparison of two quantities by division, and an equation stating two ratios are equal. Ratios let you split amounts and scale values when the total or a difference is known.

The sum of a set of values divided by how many values there are. Average questions often involve changes when a member is added, removed or replaced.

The calculation of gain or loss from cost price and selling price, usually expressed as a percentage of cost price. Marked price and discount connect to the same chain of calculations.

Interest computed only on the original principal for the whole period, using principal times rate times time divided by one hundred. It does not compound.

Interest calculated on principal plus previously earned interest, so the amount grows each period. Compounding frequency, yearly, half-yearly or quarterly, changes the effective rate.

The relation that distance equals speed multiplied by time. Questions involve relative speed, trains crossing poles or platforms, and boats moving with or against a stream.

Problems on a boat's speed in still water combined with the current's speed, giving downstream and upstream speeds. Upstream speed is still-water speed minus current speed.

Problems on how long people or machines take to finish a job, using the idea that rate equals one over time. Working together, rates add; efficiency ratios convert to time ratios inversely.

A variation of time and work where inlet pipes fill a tank and outlet pipes empty it. Filling rates are positive, emptying rates negative, and they are added algebraically.

Methods for combining substances of different prices or concentrations and finding the resulting average or the required ratio. Alligation links the differences between component values and the mean value.

A business arrangement where partners invest capital for different periods and share profit in proportion to capital multiplied by time. Simple and compound partnership differ on whether periods vary.

Counting methods for arrangements where order matters and selections where it does not. The formulas use factorials, and the key skill is deciding which of the two applies.

The chance of an event, calculated as favourable outcomes divided by total equally likely outcomes. Questions often combine dice, cards or balls drawn from a bag.

A set of questions based on a table, bar chart, line graph or pie chart, requiring calculation of ratios, percentages and averages from the given data. Approximation saves time.

A sequence of numbers following a pattern such as differences, squares, cubes or alternating operations. You identify the rule to find the missing or wrong term.

An equation of the form ax squared plus bx plus c equals zero, solved by factorisation or the formula. Comparison questions ask you to relate the roots of two such equations.

Questions that ask for the value of an expression or a close estimate, relying on BODMAS order and rounding. Recognising standard fractions and squares speeds up the work.

An English passage followed by questions on its main idea, details, vocabulary and inferences. Answers must be supported by the passage, not by outside opinion.

A passage with blanks, each to be filled by one of several options. Correct choices must fit both the meaning of the sentence and its grammar.

Single or double blank sentences where you choose the word or phrase that completes the meaning grammatically. Collocation and context usually eliminate wrong options.

A sentence divided into parts, one of which contains a grammatical error in tense, agreement, preposition or article. You identify the faulty part or state that none has an error.

A sentence with an underlined phrase, replaced by one of several options. The correct option must be grammatically sound and preserve the original meaning.

A set of sentences given in random order that must be rearranged into a coherent paragraph. Opening sentences, pronouns and connectors are the main clues.

A conclusion drawn from stated facts rather than stated directly. In exams, a valid inference must follow necessarily from the passage and not go beyond it.

An unstated idea the author must hold for the argument to stand. Unlike an inference, an assumption is taken for granted and is often tested in critical reasoning questions.

The set of controllable elements a firm combines to reach its target market, traditionally product, price, place and promotion, extended in services to people, process and physical evidence.

Dividing a broad market into groups of buyers with similar needs or traits so that offers can be tailored. Segments should be measurable, accessible, substantial and actionable.

The specific group of customers a business chooses to serve with its product and marketing effort. Selection follows segmentation and precedes positioning.

The place a product occupies in the customer's mind relative to competitors. It is built through consistent communication of a distinct benefit or image.

The stages a product passes through, usually introduction, growth, maturity and decline. Marketing strategy and pricing change with each stage.

The added value a brand name gives a product, reflected in customer loyalty, awareness, perceived quality and associations. Strong equity allows premium pricing and easier launches.

A strategy and supporting system for building long-term customer loyalty through data on preferences, purchases and service history. In banking it drives cross-selling and retention.

Selling an additional product to an existing customer, such as a loan to a savings account holder. It raises revenue per customer and strengthens the relationship.

Persuading a customer to buy a higher-value or upgraded version of what they intended, such as a premium account or larger loan. It differs from cross-selling, which adds a different product.

The total profit a customer is expected to generate over the whole relationship with the firm. It guides how much can be spent on acquisition and retention.

The arrangement under which banks sell insurance products, often through a tie-up with an insurer. It widens distribution for insurers and fee income for banks.

Extending affordable financial services such as savings, credit, insurance and payments to unserved and underserved groups. In India, Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana is a flagship programme.

Know Your Customer, the mandatory process of verifying a customer's identity and address before opening an account or granting credit, aimed at preventing fraud and money laundering.

Non-Performing Asset, a loan on which principal or interest has remained overdue for more than ninety days. Banks must classify, provide for and recover such accounts.

The RBI requirement that banks direct a minimum share of credit to agriculture, micro and small enterprises, weaker sections and other specified sectors. Targets differ by bank category.

A centralised team handling inbound customer queries and outbound sales or service calls. In banking it supports lead generation, complaint handling and relationship follow-up.

The process of identifying and attracting potential customers who show interest in a product. In banking, leads come from branch walk-ins, referrals, campaigns and digital channels.

A model of the buyer journey from awareness through interest and evaluation to purchase and loyalty, narrowing at each stage. It helps marketers measure conversion at every step.