J&K Police Constable flashcards

31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Article 356

It allows the President to impose President's Rule in a State when constitutional machinery fails. Parliamentary approval is needed within two months, and it can continue for six months at a time, up to three years.

National Police Commemoration Day

Observed on 21 October each year in memory of police personnel who died in the line of duty, including those killed at Hot Springs in Ladakh in 1959.

Instrument of Accession

The legal document signed by Maharaja Hari Singh on 26 October 1947, by which the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir acceded to India after tribal raiders attacked the region.

Wular Lake

A large freshwater lake on the Jhelum river in the Kashmir Valley, one of the largest of its kind in Asia and an important source of fish and flood control.

Banihal Pass

A mountain pass in the Pir Panjal range that links the Jammu region with the Kashmir Valley, historically used by travellers before the Jawahar tunnel and rail link were built.

Successive percentage change

When a value changes by a% and then by b%, the net change equals a + b + (ab/100) percent. Equal increase and decrease of x% always gives a net loss of x squared divided by 100.

Simple interest formula

Simple interest equals principal multiplied by rate multiplied by time, divided by one hundred. It is calculated only on the original principal and does not earn interest on interest.

Speed conversion

To change kilometres per hour into metres per second, multiply by five-eighteenths. To change metres per second into kilometres per hour, multiply by eighteen-fifths.

Difference between CI and SI

For two years at rate R percent, compound interest minus simple interest equals principal multiplied by R divided by one hundred, squared. It is the interest earned on first-year interest.

Syllogism validity rule

A conclusion is valid only if it is true in every possible arrangement of the premises. 'All A are B' never proves 'All B are A' because the reverse may be false.

Odd days in a year

The leftover days beyond complete weeks. An ordinary year has one odd day, a leap year has two, and a century leap year such as 2000 also has two.

Clock hands coincidence

The minute and hour hands coincide eleven times in every twelve-hour period, not twelve, because the hour hand also moves while the minute hand completes its rounds.

Subject-verb agreement with one of

In the pattern 'one of the plural noun', the verb agrees with 'one' and is singular. In 'each', 'every', 'either' and 'neither', the following verb is also singular.

Since versus for

'Since' is used with a point of time such as since 2010 or since Monday. 'For' is used with a duration such as for three years or for two hours.

Affect versus effect

'Affect' is usually a verb meaning to influence. 'Effect' is usually a noun meaning a result. Confusing the two is a common error in comprehension passages.

At the eleventh hour

An idiom meaning at the very last moment or just before the deadline. It does not refer to a clock time and is used for late but still possible action.

Volatile versus non-volatile memory

RAM is volatile, meaning its contents are lost when power is switched off. ROM is non-volatile and keeps its contents, holding firmware such as the boot instructions.

DNS

The Domain Name System converts human-readable domain names such as example.com into numeric IP addresses that computers use to locate servers on the network.

Phishing

A cyber attack in which a fraudulent email, message or website pretends to be genuine in order to trick a user into revealing passwords, card details or other credentials.

Firewall

Hardware or software that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic according to set rules, blocking unauthorised access while allowing permitted communication.

BNS, BNSS and BSA

The three new criminal laws that replaced the Indian Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure and Indian Evidence Act respectively, coming into force on 1 July 2024.

Zero FIR

An FIR registered at any police station regardless of where the offence occurred. It is later transferred to the police station that has proper jurisdiction over the case.

Cognizable offence

An offence for which a police officer may arrest without a warrant and investigate without the Magistrate's permission, such as murder, robbery or theft.

Twenty-four hour rule

A person arrested must be produced before a Magistrate within twenty-four hours of arrest, excluding travel time, and must be informed of the grounds of arrest.

Dying declaration

A statement made by a person about the cause of their death or the circumstances of the transaction that led to it, admissible as evidence even though the maker cannot be cross-examined.

NHRC

The National Human Rights Commission, established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, inquires into complaints of violation of human rights and recommends remedial action.

Body mass index

Body mass index equals weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. A value between 18.5 and 24.9 is considered a normal adult range.

Maximum heart rate

An estimate of the highest heart rate during exercise, calculated as 220 minus age in years. Moderate exercise targets about fifty to seventy per cent of this value.

CPR compression ratio

For adult CPR, give chest compressions at about one hundred to one hundred twenty per minute, pressing five to six centimetres deep, in a cycle of thirty compressions to two breaths.

Malaria transmission

Malaria is caused by a parasite and spreads through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito, which usually bites between dusk and dawn.

First aid for fractures

Immobilise the injured limb with a splint in the position found, avoid trying to realign the bone, and get medical help. Do not massage or apply heat to the area.