KSEAB SSLC FL Sanskrit flashcards
KSEAB SSLC FL Sanskrit · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Gadya theme answer formula
- State the central idea in one Sanskrit sentence, then support it with one specific event or character action from the prescribed prose lesson.
- Character quality answer
- Name the character, give two qualities such as dhairya and satya, and prove each with an action or utterance from the lesson.
- Value-based question
- Identify the value, for example satyam or ahimsa, and explain how a character's choice in the prose passage demonstrates it.
- Causal question in prose
- Find the clause marked by iti, yataḥ, or tasmāt in the passage and paraphrase that clause in one short Sanskrit sentence.
- Direct vs implied meaning
- Mukhya is the literal sense needed for most SSLC comprehension answers; gauna is figurative and should be used only when the question asks for deeper intent.
- Anustubh metre
- Four padas of eight aksaras each; the second and fourth padas usually rhyme, and even padas often have a laghu fifth aksara.
- Vasantatilaka metre
- Four padas of fourteen aksaras each, built from ta, ta, ja, ja, ga, ga; common in ornate prescribed verses.
- Upama alamkara
- A comparison using iva, vat, or yatha, with both the compared subject and the object of comparison stated explicitly.
- Rupaka alamkara
- A metaphor in which the subject is identified with the compared object; no iva or vat appears, as in moon-faced girl.
- Anuprasa alamkara
- Repetition of the same consonant sound in a verse to create musical effect; meaning stays the same, unlike yamaka.
- Verse meaning method
- First rearrange words into prose anvaya, then give padartha, then state bhava; this order earns full marks in prescribed-verse questions.
- Savarna dirgha sandhi
- Like vowels combine into their long form: a or ā plus a or ā gives ā; i or ī plus i or ī gives ī; u or ū plus u or ū gives ū.
- Guna sandhi
- a or ā before i/ī becomes e; before u/ū becomes o; before ṛ becomes ar; before ḷ becomes al.
- Tatpurusa samasa
- A compound whose last member is the principal noun, while the earlier member qualifies it in a different case relation.
- Bahuvrihi samasa
- A compound that names a third entity possessing the compound's members; the whole compound functions as an adjective.
- Kartari prayoga
- Active construction: the subject is the agent and takes prathamā vibhakti; the verb agrees with this subject in person and number.
- Ktva pratyaya
- Indeclinable krit suffix meaning having done; added to a root without prefix, for example krtvā, pathitvā, gatvā.
- Anuccheda-lekha structure
- Three parts: opening statement, three to five supporting sentences with examples, and a concluding sentence that restates the main idea.
- Patra-lekha format
- Sender address, date, receiver address, salutation, subject, short body, closing, and signature; formal Sanskrit letters keep the verb last.
- Sanskrit sentence order
- Place the subject first in prathamā, the object in dvitīyā, and the finite verb last; the verb agrees with the subject.
- Connectives in composition
- Use ca, api, tu, param, ataḥ, tasmāt, and yathā-tathā to join short sentences and show addition, contrast, or result.
- Formal letter salutation
- Use ārya or pūjya for elders and teachers, priya for friends, and mahodaya after a name in the receiver's address.
- Unseen passage first read
- Read once for overall meaning, then a second time to mark verb forms, sandhi splits, and the agent of each action.
- Anvaya for unseen verse
- Rewrite the verse's words in prose order with the finite verb last; this reveals cases and compounds before translation.
- Inferring unknown words
- Split the compound into pūrvapada and uttarapada, then use the case ending and context to guess the sense.
- Metre by syllable count
- Count aksaras in one pada: 8 anustubh, 11 indravajra or upendravajra, 14 vasantatilaka, 15 malini, 17 mandakranta, 19 sardulavikridita.
- Objective elimination rule
- Reject any option that changes the tense, the agent, or the number of the verb from what the passage states.
- Translation parsing order
- Identify kartā in prathamā, karma in dvitīyā, and kriyā last; then render particles and compounds in the target language.
- Dvitīyā vibhakti use
- Marks the direct object of a transitive verb and also motion towards a place or to in certain constructions.
- Trtīyā vibhakti use
- Marks the instrument by or with, accompaniment with, and sometimes the agent in passive constructions.
- Upasarga meaning shift
- A prefix changes the root sense: pra- forward, vi- apart, sam- together, anu- following, apa- away, and ni- down.
- Word meaning in context
- Give the sense the word carries in the given passage, not its most common dictionary meaning, because upasargas and compounds shift it.