Karnataka KSEAB SSLC NSQF Apparel Made-Ups & Home Furnishing flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Made-ups

Stitched non-wearable textile articles made to fixed dimensions, such as bed sheets, pillow covers, towels, aprons and bags, as distinct from wearable apparel.

Home furnishing textiles

Fabric products used to furnish a home, including curtains, cushion covers, upholstery, table linen and bed linen, usually measured to room or window dimensions rather than body size.

NSQF

The National Skills Qualifications Framework of India, which places qualifications on levels 1 to 10 so learners can progress vertically from entry-level vocational courses to higher qualifications.

Bast fibre

A strong fibre obtained from the stem of a plant, such as flax for linen and jute; bast fibres are long, stiff and give cool, durable fabrics.

Mercerisation

A treatment of cotton with caustic soda under tension that increases lustre, strength and dye uptake and reduces shrinkage, giving a smoother, shinier cotton fabric.

Yarn count Ne

The indirect cotton count system: the number of 840-yard hanks in one pound of yarn, so a higher Ne number means a finer yarn and a lower number means a coarser yarn.

Twill weave

A weave where weft yarns pass over two or more warp yarns, producing a diagonal rib line; it drapes well and is used for denim, gabardine and drill.

GSM

Grams per square metre, the standard measure of fabric weight; a higher GSM means a heavier fabric, which affects drape, durability and suitability for a product.

Grain line

A marked arrow on a pattern piece showing the direction of the warp yarns; it is placed parallel to the selvedge so the garment hangs and stretches correctly.

Grading

The process of increasing or decreasing a base pattern systematically to produce the same style in other sizes, using size increments for bust, waist, hip and length.

French seam

A self-enclosed seam made by stitching a narrow seam wrong sides together, trimming it, then stitching again right sides together; it hides raw edges and suits sheer fabrics.

Dart

A wedge-shaped fold stitched into fabric to remove excess fullness and shape it to the body, commonly used at the bust, waist and shoulder.

Feed dog

The toothed metal part under the needle plate that moves fabric forward with each stitch; its height and position affect stitch length and fabric feeding.

Bobbin tension

The tension on the lower thread controlled by the bobbin case; if too tight it pulls loops to the top, and if too loose it lets loops form underneath.

Overlock machine

A machine using three or four threads to wrap the cut edge of fabric, preventing fraying and simultaneously seaming and neatening stretch or woven fabrics.

French curve

A curved drafting ruler used to draw smooth shaped lines on patterns, especially necklines, armholes and hip curves that cannot be drawn with a straight ruler.

Appliqué

A surface decoration technique in which a cut fabric shape is placed on a base fabric and stitched around its edges to attach it and outline the motif.

Batik

A resist-dyeing technique in which melted wax is applied to fabric to block dye penetration; the wax is later removed, leaving a characteristic crackled pattern.

Mirror work

A traditional Indian embellishment, also called abhla bharat, in which small mirrors are secured to fabric with buttonhole or herringbone stitches within an embroidered frame.

Satin stitch

A hand or machine embroidery stitch worked as closely packed parallel stitches across a shape, giving a smooth, glossy, raised surface used for lettering and motifs.

Curtain fullness ratio

The ratio of curtain fabric width to window width; a ratio of 1.5 to 2.5 gives gathered fullness, and a higher ratio means deeper pleats and more fabric used.

Mitered corner

A diagonal corner finish on table linen or napkins where the two hem edges meet at 45 degrees, giving a flat, neat, sharp corner without bulk.

Fitted sheet

A bed sheet with elastic or darts at the corners so it grips the mattress; it is cut to mattress length, width and depth plus tuck-in allowance.

Martindale test

An abrasion resistance test that rubs fabric against a standard abrasive under pressure; the rub count indicates suitability for upholstery and heavy-use furnishing.

Marker efficiency

The percentage of marker area covered by pattern pieces, calculated as pattern area divided by marker area times 100; higher efficiency means less fabric waste.

Progressive bundle system

A production system where cut garment parts are bundled and moved in sequence from one operator to the next, each performing one operation in the assembly line.

SAM

Standard allowed minute, the standard time allowed to complete one operation or garment; line capacity equals available minutes divided by SAM per garment.

Four-point fabric inspection

A grading system that assigns one to four penalty points to fabric defects depending on size and severity, with acceptance limits set per hundred square yards.

AQL

Acceptable quality level, a statistical sampling standard that defines the maximum number of defective pieces allowed in a lot for it to be accepted.

Crocking fastness

Colour fastness to rubbing, tested by rubbing dry and wet white cloth against dyed fabric; poor crocking means colour transfers onto other garments or skin.

Break-even quantity

The number of units a business must sell to cover all costs, calculated as fixed cost divided by selling price per unit minus variable cost per unit.

Udyam registration

The online MSME registration in India that gives a small enterprise formal recognition and access to government schemes, subsidies and easier credit.