KSEAB SSLC TL Persian cheat sheet

Skim the passage once for the topic sentence of each paragraph before answering; the main idea usually sits at the start or end of the first and last paragraphs.

Unseen passages in SSLC Persian are short prose or dialogue; identify the type (narrative, descriptive, letter, notice) because question style follows text type.

Scan for keywords from the question stem and locate the exact sentence containing them; the answer is almost always a direct restatement of that sentence.

Persian is written right-to-left; when numbering answers, keep numbers in the order of the questions, not the order of appearance in the text.

Vocabulary-in-context items: infer meaning from the surrounding clause, since the same word can shift meaning (e.g., دل as heart or courage).

True/False items require locating the evidence line; a statement may be true in general but false for the passage.

For 'title' or 'central idea' questions, reject options that cover only one paragraph or add information absent from the text.

Seen passages: recall the textbook lesson's opening line and closing moral, which are the most frequently tested anchors.

Inference questions use words like implies or suggests; the answer must be supported by the text, never by personal opinion.

For each prescribed lesson, fix in memory: author name, lesson title, central theme, and one key incident.

Character questions are answered by naming the character plus the action that reveals the trait, not by the trait alone.

Moral or message questions: state the lesson's closing idea in one sentence, then support it with one incident from the text.

Author-matching is a common objective item; keep a mental list pairing each lesson with its writer.

Sequence questions: order events by the narrative order in the lesson, not by importance.

'Why did X do Y?' answers require a because-clause quoting the text's stated reason; avoid invented motives.

Distinguish between the narrator and the author; in first-person lessons the narrator's view may differ from the lesson's moral.

Lesson titles often carry symbolic meaning; explain the title in relation to the theme, not literally only.

Record for each poem: poet, form (ghazal, nazm, ruba'i), rhyme scheme, and central theme.

Persian poetry is measured in bahr (meter); the exam rarely asks for meter names but may ask whether lines are metrically parallel.

Radif is the repeated word or phrase after the rhyme; qafiya is the rhyme letter itself. Identify both when asked about structure.

Imagery questions: name the figure (tashbih/simile, isti'ara/metaphor, majaz) and quote the line that contains it.

For 'message of the poem' items, the answer is usually in the maqta (final couplet) or the opening matla.

Poetic diction differs from prose: words like غم, وصل, هجر carry conventional meanings; interpret them within the ghazal tradition.

Do not paraphrase a line as prose when the question asks for the poet's intent; state the idea the image conveys.

Memorize one short quoted line per prescribed poem as evidence you can cite in answers.

Persian verb comes at the end of the clause; identify subject and object by the را marker on definite direct objects.

Ezafe construction: noun + -e + modifier (کتابِ نو). Missing ezafe changes meaning; restore it in fill-in items.

Plural markers: -ها (inanimate, general), -ان (animate/human, formal). Both may attach to adjectives used as nouns.

Verb tenses: ماضی ساده (past simple), ماضی نقلی (present perfect, built with past participle + است/ام), مضارع (present), مستقبل (future with خواه + past stem).

Negative and prohibitive: نـ for negation, مـ for prohibition (نمی/مـ + present stem).

Personal endings attach to the present stem: -م، -ی، -د، -یم، -ید، -ند. Match ending to subject pronoun in conjugation items.

Pronouns: من، تو، او، ما، شما، آنان; enclitic pronouns (-َم، -َت، -َش) attach to nouns, verbs, and prepositions.

Prepositions govern meaning: به (to), از (from), با (with), برای (for), در (in). Choose by the verb's required complement.

Sentence transformation items (active to passive) use شدن + past participle; the agent takes توسط or را.

Letter format: salutation (برادر عزیزم / دوست گرامی), body paragraphs, closing (با احترام / ارادتمند شما), then signature.

Essay structure: introduction stating the topic, two or three body paragraphs each with one idea and one example, conclusion restating the position.

Paragraph unity rule: every sentence must support the topic sentence; delete any sentence that introduces a new unrelated idea.

Use connectors to link ideas: و، اما، بنابراین، همچنین، در نتیجه، از این رو. One connector per clause boundary is enough.

Formal register uses شما and full verb forms; informal register uses تو and colloquial contractions. Match register to the task.

Dialogue writing: each speaker's turn is a new line, with a dash or the speaker's name, and punctuation inside the quotation.

Descriptive writing uses sensory detail (color, sound, smell) plus one or two similes; avoid lists of adjectives without images.

Word-count discipline: plan the number of sentences per paragraph before writing so the essay meets the required length.

Translate meaning, not word order: Persian verb-final clauses become subject-verb-object in English, and vice versa.

Ezafe phrases translate as noun + of/possessive: کتابِ علی = Ali's book.

Idioms are translated by equivalent idiom, not literally; e.g., دست و پا گم کردن means to lose one's nerve, not to lose hands and feet.

Persian has no grammatical gender and no articles a/an; supply them in English from context (countable vs uncountable).

Numbers and dates: Persian digits ۰-۹ map to 0-9; the Persian calendar year differs from the Gregorian year, so convert only when asked.

Honorifics and titles (آقا، خانم، جناب) translate as Mr/Mrs or by omitting when English would sound unnatural.

Applied items test register: choose the translation that preserves the formality of the source, not the most literal one.

When a sentence is ambiguous, translate the reading supported by the surrounding context and keep the original tense.

Skim the passage once for the topic sentence of each paragraph before answering; the main idea usually sits at the start or end of the first and last paragraphs.

Unseen passages in SSLC Persian are short prose or dialogue; identify the type (narrative, descriptive, letter, notice) because question style follows text type.

Scan for keywords from the question stem and locate the exact sentence containing them; the answer is almost always a direct restatement of that sentence.

Persian is written right-to-left; when numbering answers, keep numbers in the order of the questions, not the order of appearance in the text.

Vocabulary-in-context items: infer meaning from the surrounding clause, since the same word can shift meaning (e.g., دل as heart or courage).

True/False items require locating the evidence line; a statement may be true in general but false for the passage.

For 'title' or 'central idea' questions, reject options that cover only one paragraph or add information absent from the text.

Seen passages: recall the textbook lesson's opening line and closing moral, which are the most frequently tested anchors.

Inference questions use words like implies or suggests; the answer must be supported by the text, never by personal opinion.

For each prescribed lesson, fix in memory: author name, lesson title, central theme, and one key incident.

Character questions are answered by naming the character plus the action that reveals the trait, not by the trait alone.

Moral or message questions: state the lesson's closing idea in one sentence, then support it with one incident from the text.

Author-matching is a common objective item; keep a mental list pairing each lesson with its writer.

Sequence questions: order events by the narrative order in the lesson, not by importance.

'Why did X do Y?' answers require a because-clause quoting the text's stated reason; avoid invented motives.

Distinguish between the narrator and the author; in first-person lessons the narrator's view may differ from the lesson's moral.

Lesson titles often carry symbolic meaning; explain the title in relation to the theme, not literally only.

Record for each poem: poet, form (ghazal, nazm, ruba'i), rhyme scheme, and central theme.

Persian poetry is measured in bahr (meter); the exam rarely asks for meter names but may ask whether lines are metrically parallel.

Radif is the repeated word or phrase after the rhyme; qafiya is the rhyme letter itself. Identify both when asked about structure.

Imagery questions: name the figure (tashbih/simile, isti'ara/metaphor, majaz) and quote the line that contains it.

For 'message of the poem' items, the answer is usually in the maqta (final couplet) or the opening matla.

Poetic diction differs from prose: words like غم, وصل, هجر carry conventional meanings; interpret them within the ghazal tradition.

Do not paraphrase a line as prose when the question asks for the poet's intent; state the idea the image conveys.

Memorize one short quoted line per prescribed poem as evidence you can cite in answers.

Persian verb comes at the end of the clause; identify subject and object by the را marker on definite direct objects.

Ezafe construction: noun + -e + modifier (کتابِ نو). Missing ezafe changes meaning; restore it in fill-in items.

Plural markers: -ها (inanimate, general), -ان (animate/human, formal). Both may attach to adjectives used as nouns.

Verb tenses: ماضی ساده (past simple), ماضی نقلی (present perfect, built with past participle + است/ام), مضارع (present), مستقبل (future with خواه + past stem).

Negative and prohibitive: نـ for negation, مـ for prohibition (نمی/مـ + present stem).

Personal endings attach to the present stem: -م، -ی، -د، -یم، -ید، -ند. Match ending to subject pronoun in conjugation items.

Pronouns: من، تو، او، ما، شما، آنان; enclitic pronouns (-َم، -َت، -َش) attach to nouns, verbs, and prepositions.

Prepositions govern meaning: به (to), از (from), با (with), برای (for), در (in). Choose by the verb's required complement.

Sentence transformation items (active to passive) use شدن + past participle; the agent takes توسط or را.

Letter format: salutation (برادر عزیزم / دوست گرامی), body paragraphs, closing (با احترام / ارادتمند شما), then signature.

Essay structure: introduction stating the topic, two or three body paragraphs each with one idea and one example, conclusion restating the position.

Paragraph unity rule: every sentence must support the topic sentence; delete any sentence that introduces a new unrelated idea.

Use connectors to link ideas: و، اما، بنابراین، همچنین، در نتیجه، از این رو. One connector per clause boundary is enough.

Formal register uses شما and full verb forms; informal register uses تو and colloquial contractions. Match register to the task.

Dialogue writing: each speaker's turn is a new line, with a dash or the speaker's name, and punctuation inside the quotation.

Descriptive writing uses sensory detail (color, sound, smell) plus one or two similes; avoid lists of adjectives without images.

Word-count discipline: plan the number of sentences per paragraph before writing so the essay meets the required length.

Translate meaning, not word order: Persian verb-final clauses become subject-verb-object in English, and vice versa.

Ezafe phrases translate as noun + of/possessive: کتابِ علی = Ali's book.

Idioms are translated by equivalent idiom, not literally; e.g., دست و پا گم کردن means to lose one's nerve, not to lose hands and feet.

Persian has no grammatical gender and no articles a/an; supply them in English from context (countable vs uncountable).

Numbers and dates: Persian digits ۰-۹ map to 0-9; the Persian calendar year differs from the Gregorian year, so convert only when asked.

Honorifics and titles (آقا، خانم، جناب) translate as Mr/Mrs or by omitting when English would sound unnatural.

Applied items test register: choose the translation that preserves the formality of the source, not the most literal one.

When a sentence is ambiguous, translate the reading supported by the surrounding context and keep the original tense.