KSEAB SSLC TL Persian flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Main idea location

In most SSLC Persian prose passages the central idea appears in the first or last sentence of the opening paragraph and is restated in the conclusion.

Vocabulary in context

Determine an unfamiliar Persian word's meaning from the clause around it, because many words shift sense with context, such as دل meaning heart or courage.

Evidence-based True/False

A statement counts as true only if a specific line in the passage states or directly supports it; general knowledge is not acceptable evidence.

Inference question rule

Answers to implies or suggests questions must still be traceable to the text; personal opinion or outside knowledge makes the option wrong.

Lesson-author pairing

Objective items often ask which writer produced a prescribed lesson, so memorize each title together with its author's name.

Character trait evidence

Answer character questions by naming the trait and the specific action in the lesson that demonstrates it, not the trait alone.

Moral with support

State the lesson's message in one sentence, then justify it with one incident from the text to earn full marks.

Narrator versus author

In first-person lessons the narrator's opinions belong to a character; the lesson's moral may differ from what the narrator believes.

Radif and qafiya

Radif is the repeated word or phrase following the rhyme; qafiya is the rhyme sound itself. Both define a ghazal's structure.

Matla and maqta

Matla is the opening couplet of a ghazal where both lines rhyme; maqta is the closing couplet, often carrying the poet's name or message.

Tashbih versus isti'ara

Tashbih is explicit simile using words like مانند or چون; isti'ara is metaphor, where the comparison is implied without a simile marker.

Locating a poem's message

The theme of a prescribed poem is most reliably found in the opening matla or closing maqta, which frame the poet's intent.

Ezafe construction

An unstressed -e links a noun to its modifier or possessor, as in کتابِ نو (new book) or خانهٔ علی (Ali's house).

را marker function

The suffix را follows a definite direct object and helps identify it, since the verb sits at the end of the Persian clause.

ماضی نقلی formation

The present perfect is built from the past participle plus a copula: رفتهام (I have gone), رفتهاست (he has gone).

Future tense marker

Persian future uses خواه plus the past stem with personal endings: خواهم رفت (I will go), خواهد آمد (he will come).

Plural suffixes

ها is the general plural for things and concepts; ان is used mainly with animate or human nouns and in formal style.

Enclitic pronouns

Short pronouns like ـَم، ـَت، ـَش attach to nouns, verbs, and prepositions: کتابم (my book), دیدمش (I saw him).

Passive with شدن

Persian passive is formed with the past participle plus forms of شدن: نوشته شد (it was written); the agent may take توسط.

Persian letter frame

A formal letter opens with a salutation such as دوست گرامی, has body paragraphs, and closes with با احترام followed by the signature.

Paragraph unity test

Every sentence in a paragraph must support its topic sentence; a sentence introducing an unrelated idea should be removed.

Persian connectors

Use و, اما, بنابراین, همچنین, در نتیجه to link clauses; one connector per boundary keeps the essay readable.

Register in writing

Formal tasks use شما and full verb endings; informal tasks use تو and colloquial forms. The chosen register must stay consistent.

Essay skeleton

Introduction with the topic, two or three body paragraphs each holding one idea and one example, then a conclusion restating the position.

Verb-final translation shift

Persian places the verb last, so translating into English requires reordering to subject-verb-object while keeping the original tense.

Ezafe in translation

Translate an ezafe phrase as noun plus of or possessive: درِ خانه becomes the door of the house or the house's door.

Idiom equivalence

Translate idioms by their English equivalent rather than word for word; دست و پا گم کردن means to lose one's nerve.

Articles from context

Persian lacks a/an, so English translations must supply articles based on whether the noun is countable and specific.

Formality matching

Choose the translation that preserves the source's level of formality, since literal renderings can sound rude or overly casual.

Persian digits

The numerals ۰۱۲۳۴۵۶۷۸۹ correspond to 0-9; convert them when a question asks for figures in Latin form.

Seen passage anchors

For prescribed lessons, the opening line and closing moral are the most frequently tested points in comprehension questions.

Title symbolism

Explain a lesson's title by linking it to the theme, not by restating it literally, since titles often carry symbolic meaning.

Poetic convention words

In ghazal vocabulary, وصل means union with the beloved and هجر means separation; interpret such words within the tradition.