Maharashtra HSC Employability Skills (Technical) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Feedback in communication

The receiver's response that confirms a message was decoded as intended. Without feedback the communication loop stays open and the sender cannot verify understanding.

Grapevine communication

The informal, unofficial channel that spreads information quickly through personal networks. It is fast but often inaccurate, so managers counter it with timely formal updates.

Active listening

Listening that involves full attention, paraphrasing, asking clarifying questions and withholding judgement. It reduces semantic barriers and confirms the speaker's meaning before replying.

Kinesics and proxemics

Kinesics is body language such as posture and gestures; proxemics is the use of space and distance. Both are non-verbal cues that can contradict spoken words.

Eisenhower matrix

A prioritisation grid sorting tasks by urgency and importance. Do urgent-important tasks now, schedule important-not-urgent ones, delegate urgent-not-important ones and drop the rest.

SMART goal

A goal framed as Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound. Each attribute makes the goal verifiable so progress and completion can be judged objectively.

Pomodoro technique

A time-management cycle of 25 minutes of focused work followed by a 5-minute break, with a longer break after four cycles. It limits distraction and sustains concentration.

General adaptation syndrome

The three-stage stress response described as alarm, resistance and exhaustion. Prolonged exposure to the exhaustion stage reduces performance and increases health risk.

Spreadsheet cell reference

An address formed by a column letter and row number, such as A1 or C15. Formulas use these references so results update automatically when source values change.

Bcc versus Cc

Cc adds visible secondary recipients whose addresses all recipients can see. Bcc adds hidden recipients whose addresses are invisible to others, protecting privacy in bulk mail.

HTTPS protocol

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, which encrypts browser traffic using TLS. The padlock and https prefix indicate the connection is encrypted, not that the site is trustworthy.

Phishing message indicators

Warning signs include urgency, threats, mismatched sender domains, unexpected attachments and requests for passwords or one-time passwords. Verify the sender independently before acting.

System versus application software

System software such as the operating system manages hardware and provides a platform. Application software such as a word processor performs user-facing tasks on that platform.

Break-even point

The sales volume at which total revenue equals total cost, computed as fixed costs divided by contribution per unit. Below it the venture makes a loss; above it a profit.

Equity versus debt finance

Equity raises funds by selling ownership, sharing risk and profit without repayment. Debt borrows money with fixed interest and repayment but no dilution of ownership.

SWOT analysis

A structured comparison of internal Strengths and Weaknesses with external Opportunities and Threats. It organises information for planning but does not by itself produce a strategy.

Intrapreneur

An employee who develops new products, services or processes inside an existing organisation using its resources. The organisation bears the risk while the employee supplies innovation.

Three pillars of sustainability

Environmental, economic and social dimensions that must all be satisfied. A solution that damages one pillar, such as profit gained by polluting, is not fully sustainable.

Waste hierarchy

An ordered preference of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle, with prevention first and disposal last. Reducing consumption avoids waste generation entirely rather than managing it later.

Carbon footprint

The total greenhouse gas emissions caused by an activity, product or person, expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent over a defined period. It allows comparison of emission sources.

Energy efficiency versus conservation

Efficiency delivers the same output using less energy, for example an LED lamp. Conservation reduces or avoids energy use altogether, for example switching off an idle machine.

E-waste disposal rule

Discarded electronics must never enter general waste because they contain lead, mercury and other heavy metals. Route them to authorised recyclers or take-back schemes.

Hierarchy of hazard controls

Ranked effectiveness from elimination and substitution through engineering and administrative controls to personal protective equipment. PPE ranks last because it relies on correct human behaviour.

PASS fire extinguisher method

Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, Sweep from side to side. Aiming at the base removes the fuel source rather than the flames.

Safety sign colour codes

Red circle with slash means prohibition, yellow triangle means warning, blue circle means mandatory action, and green square means safe condition or first aid.

Lock out tag out

A procedure isolating energy sources with a lock and warning tag before maintenance. It prevents accidental start-up or release of stored energy that could injure a worker.

5S workplace organisation

Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardise and Sustain. The method removes unnecessary items, assigns locations and sustains housekeeping, which reduces accidents and search time.

Accuracy versus precision

Accuracy is closeness of a measurement to the true value; precision is repeatability of successive readings. A gauge can give consistent readings that are all equally wrong.

Vernier calliper least count

Least count equals one main scale division minus one vernier scale division. For a calliper with 49 main divisions matching 50 vernier divisions, least count is 0.02 mm.

Clearance and interference fits

A clearance fit always leaves a gap between shaft and hole, allowing movement. An interference fit always produces overlap, so the parts must be forced or shrunk together.

STAR interview answer

A structure describing Situation, Task, Action and Result. It gives concrete evidence of behaviour and closes with a measurable outcome rather than a vague claim.

Group discussion evaluation

Assessors score content quality, clarity of communication, listening, leadership and team behaviour. Dominating the discussion or interrupting others reduces the score.