Maharashtra SSC Physiology, Hygiene and Home Science (MSBSHSE) flashcards

35 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Mitochondrion

Organelle in which aerobic respiration occurs; releases energy as ATP from glucose, so it is called the powerhouse of the cell.

Osmosis

Movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a concentrated one, without using cell energy.

Epithelial tissue

Tissue made of closely packed cells that covers body surfaces and lines cavities, protecting underlying tissue and absorbing or secreting substances.

Homeostasis

The body's tendency to keep internal conditions such as temperature, pH and glucose steady despite changes in the external environment.

Energy value of fat

Fat supplies about 9 kilocalories per gram, more than twice the energy of carbohydrate or protein, which each give 4 kilocalories per gram.

Bile

Greenish fluid made by the liver and stored in the gall bladder; it has no enzymes but emulsifies fats and neutralises acidic chyme.

Scurvy

Disease caused by lack of vitamin C, marked by bleeding gums, loose teeth, easy bruising and slow wound healing; treated with citrus fruits.

Basal metabolic rate

Energy used by a resting person about twelve hours after food, measured to estimate calorie needs; it rises with muscle mass and fever.

Handwashing duration

Washing hands with soap and water for at least twenty seconds removes most transient germs; it is most important before eating and after toilet use.

Athlete's foot

Fungal skin infection of the feet, spread by damp shared floors and towels; prevented by drying between toes and wearing dry footwear.

Menstrual hygiene rule

Change the absorbent every four to six hours, wash the genital area with plain water, and dry cloth pads in direct sunlight before reuse.

Residual chlorine

Small amount of chlorine left in treated water, roughly 0.2 to 0.5 milligrams per litre, which protects stored water from recontamination.

Faecal-oral transmission

Route in which germs from faeces enter the mouth through contaminated water, food or hands; it spreads cholera, typhoid and hepatitis A.

Blue and green bins

Waste segregation system: green bins take wet biodegradable kitchen waste, while blue bins take dry recyclable material such as paper and plastic.

Aedes aegypti

Mosquito that transmits dengue; it bites mainly in daytime and breeds in clean stagnant water collected in containers around homes.

Complementary protein combination

Pairing a cereal with a pulse, such as rice with dal, gives a better balance of amino acids than either food eaten alone.

Protective foods

Foods rich in vitamins and minerals, mainly vegetables and fruits, that protect the body from deficiency diseases and infection.

Exclusive breastfeeding

Feeding an infant only breast milk, with no water or other food, for the first six months; it supplies complete nutrition and antibodies.

Work simplification

Home-management technique that removes unnecessary steps, rearranges the work centre and combines tasks to save time and energy.

Kitchen work triangle

The path linking food storage, preparation and cooking areas; keeping it short reduces walking and fatigue during kitchen work.

Bleach and acid warning

Never mix bleach with acidic cleaners, because the reaction releases chlorine gas that irritates and damages the lungs.

ISI mark

Certification mark of the Bureau of Indian Standards on industrial goods, showing that the product meets the required safety standard.

FSSAI licence number

Number printed on food packaging showing the product is registered with the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India; check it with the expiry date.

Consumer Protection Act, 2019

Indian law that protects buyers, covers e-commerce and product liability, and provides district, state and national consumer commissions for redressal.

Burn test for fibres

Cotton burns like paper leaving grey ash; wool and silk smell of burnt hair; synthetics melt into a hard bead, identifying fibre type.

Warp and weft

Warp yarns run lengthwise and are stronger; weft yarns cross them from side to side during weaving to form the fabric.

Sanforisation

Finish given to cotton fabric that mechanically compresses it so that garments shrink very little on later washing.

Grain line

Line on a paper pattern placed parallel to the fabric selvedge so the finished garment hangs correctly and does not twist.

Stain removal principle

Treat a stain while fresh, blot instead of rubbing, test the reagent on a hidden hem, and work from the reverse side of the cloth.

Cephalocaudal development

Pattern in which a child gains control of head and neck muscles before the trunk and legs, so development proceeds from head downward.

Authoritative parenting

Style in which parents set firm rules but explain them warmly; children usually show better confidence, self-control and social adjustment.

Recovery position

Safe side-lying posture for an unconscious person who is breathing; it keeps the airway open and lets fluids drain from the mouth.

First aid for burns

Cool the burn under running water for about twenty minutes, cover with a clean non-stick dressing, and never apply ice, butter or toothpaste.

DOTS for tuberculosis

Directly observed treatment, short course: anti-TB medicines taken under supervision for six months or more to prevent drug resistance.

Drop, cover and hold

Earthquake safety action: drop to the floor, take cover under a sturdy table, and hold on until the shaking stops.