Maharashtra SSC Sindhi (First Language) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Mool vichar

The central idea of a prose lesson, stated in one sentence. Answers on theme begin with it, then list the supporting points in the order the passage presents them.

Patra-rekha

A character sketch built from three sources: the author's direct description, the character's own words and actions, and other characters' reactions, each supported by a textual incident.

Vakya-samjhavani

Explanation of a prescribed sentence: first the literal meaning, then the implied meaning, then the link to the lesson's theme. A bare paraphrase does not earn full marks.

Sannihit arth

Contextual meaning of a word as used in a particular sentence of the lesson, which is what prose vocabulary questions test, rather than the word's dictionary meaning.

Bait

A classical Sindhi couplet form in which the two lines carry one concentrated idea; explanation proceeds line by line and then combines them into a single moral or emotional point.

Upma

A figure of speech in which one thing is compared to another using an explicit comparison word. Answers must name the figure and quote the compared elements.

Rupak

A metaphor: one thing is identified with another without any comparison word. It differs from upma, which keeps an explicit comparison word between the two things.

Anupras

Alliteration: repetition of the same initial consonant sound in nearby words. Answers must quote the exact repeated words rather than describe the repetition abstractly.

Kavita-sarans

Poetic appreciation covering four points: theme, dominant emotion, figures of speech with quoted examples, and the poet's message or purpose.

Atishayokti

Hyperbole: deliberate exaggeration used for effect. Identification requires naming the figure and explaining what the exaggeration emphasises in the poem's mood.

Purti vachan answers

Non-detailed text answers are short and factual, covering plot, character, and incident. Character questions give one defining trait with one specific incident.

Title justification

Linking the story's title to its main character or central incident and then to the story's message, using details from the prescribed text only.

Siksha

The moral or message of a non-detailed lesson: a general statement plus one textual instance. A proverb quoted alone is not a complete answer.

Sandhi

Joining of two sounds at a word boundary. Analysis names the first word, the second word, and the change produced in the combined form.

Samas vigrah

Splitting a compound word into its members, then naming the relation between them, such as tatpurush (determinative) or dvandva (copulative).

Voice change rule

In passive transformation the active object becomes subject, the verb takes the passive auxiliary, the agent is marked or dropped, and the original tense is preserved exactly.

Shabd-bhed

Parts of speech, identified by a word's function in the sentence rather than in isolation; the same word may be a noun in one sentence and an adjective in another.

Vidhan-vakya

A declarative sentence, stating information. It contrasts with prashn-vakya (question), agya-vakya (command), and udgar-vakya (exclamation), which are classified by verb form and final punctuation.

Compound vs complex sentence

A compound sentence joins two independent clauses with a coordinator; a complex sentence has one main clause plus a dependent clause. A simple sentence has one finite verb.

Samanarthi

A synonym: a single word that can replace the prompt in the same sentence without changing the sense. Near-synonyms that shift register are wrong options.

Virudharthi

An antonym that matches the word class of the prompt: the opposite of an adjective is an adjective, and the opposite of a verb is a verb.

Muhavaro

An idiom whose answer is its figurative meaning, not its literal words. The test is whether the meaning fits naturally in a normal sentence context.

Akahani

A proverb answered in its standard fixed wording plus its general lesson. A paraphrase of the proverb is normally marked wrong in vocabulary items.

Upasarga and pratyay

Prefix and suffix. Questions ask for the resulting word and its changed meaning; adding a suffix may shift the word class, as when a noun becomes an adjective.

Ek-shabdi

One-word substitution: a single recognised Sindhi word replacing a descriptive phrase. A constructed word that does not exist in Sindhi is not accepted.

Shirshak

The title of an unseen passage: short, and covering the passage's central subject rather than one detail from a single paragraph.

Inference answer rule

Unseen-passage inference answers must be traceable to a specific sentence in the passage, and that sentence or its sense should be indicated in the answer.

Nibandh structure

Essay plan: an introduction stating the topic's importance, three or four body paragraphs each with one point and one example, and a conclusion restating the position without new points.

Patra format

Letter layout: sender's address, date, salutation, body in paragraphs, closing, and signature. Formal letters add the receiver's designation; informal letters do not.

Ahval opening

A report's first paragraph answers what, who, when, where, and why; later paragraphs add detail in past tense. Reports are impersonal and exclude first-person opinion.

Samvad

Dialogue writing with alternating speaker labels, natural spoken register, and at least four to six exchanges that develop one situation to a conclusion.

Idiom in translation

An idiom is rendered by an equivalent idiom in the target language, never word for word; a literal rendering of an idiom is marked wrong.